AP Human Geography Unit 2 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is Agricultural Population Density?

Number of farmers divided by the arable land

What is Arable Land?

Land suitable for farming/agriculture

What is Physiological Population Density?

Population of a region divided by arable (farmable) land

What is Arithmetic Population Density?

Population of a region divided by total land area Signup and view all the answers

What does Baby Boom refer to?

Temporary marked increase in the birth rate Signup and view all the answers

What is a Census?

A complete count of a population Signup and view all the answers

What does the Child Mortality Rate indicate?

Total number of child deaths per 1,000 live births Signup and view all the answers

What is Crude Birth Rate?

Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in the society Signup and view all the answers

What is Crude Death Rate?

Total number of deaths per 1,000 people in a society Signup and view all the answers

What is the Dependency Ratio?

Number of people too young or too old to work compared to workers Signup and view all the answers

What is a More Developed Country (MDC)?

A country that has progressed further along the development continuum Signup and view all the answers

What is Doubling Time?

Number of years needed to double the population Signup and view all the answers

What is Ecumene?

The areas of earth occupied by human settlement Signup and view all the answers

What does the Epidemiological Transition Model describe?

The theory that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model Signup and view all the answers

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Time during the 19th century with major improvements in manufacturing and delivery Signup and view all the answers

What are Infant Mortality Rates?

The number of infant deaths (under age 1) per 1,000 live births Signup and view all the answers

What are Less Developed Countries (LDC)?

Non-industrialized/poor countries, often in stage two or early three of development Signup and view all the answers

What is Life Expectancy?

Average number of years an infant can expect to live Signup and view all the answers

Who was Thomas Malthus?

An English economist who argued that population increase outpaces food production Signup and view all the answers

What is the Malthusian Theory?

The theory that population grows faster than food supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the Medical Revolution?

Time during the late 20th century when medical technology diffused to developing countries Signup and view all the answers

What is the Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)?

The percentage of annual growth in a population excluding migration Signup and view all the answers

What does Neo-Malthusian mean?

A belief that the world is characterized by scarcity and competition over resources Signup and view all the answers

What are Population Pyramids?

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex Signup and view all the answers

What are Anti-Natalist Policies?

Government policies to reduce the rate of natural increase Signup and view all the answers

What are Pro-Natalist Policies?

Government policies to increase the rate of natural increase Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sex Ratio?

The number of males per 100 females in the population Signup and view all the answers

What is the Total Fertility Rate?

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years Signup and view all the answers

What is Zero Population Growth?

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero Signup and view all the answers

What is Demography?

The scientific study of population characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What does Overpopulation mean?

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living Signup and view all the answers

What is a Population Center?

An area of land where people are most dense, including regions like East Asia and Europe Signup and view all the answers

What is the Demographic Transition Model?

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates over time Signup and view all the answers

What does Mobility refer to in geography?

A general term covering all types of movement from one place to another Signup and view all the answers

What is Periodic Movement?

Movement that occurs regularly or cyclically, such as commuting for work or seasonal migration Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Population Density Terms

Agricultural Population Density: Ratio of the number of farmers to arable land; indicates farming efficiency in a region.
Physiological Population Density: Population divided by arable land, highlighting pressure on farmland.
Arithmetic Population Density: Total population divided by the overall land area; gives a general density figure.

Land and Demographics

Arable Land: Land that can be cultivated for crops; essential for food production.
Demography: The scientific study focused on characteristics and statistics of populations.

Population Metrics

Crude Birth Rate: Number of live births per 1,000 individuals in a year; reflects population growth.
Crude Death Rate: Total deaths per 1,000 individuals; indicates mortality within a population.
Child Mortality Rate: Represents child deaths per 1,000 live births; a measure of health and living conditions.
Infant Mortality Rate: Number of infant deaths under one year per 1,000 live births; impacts life expectancy calculations.

Population Changes

Baby Boom: A significant increase in birth rates typically following a major event (e.g. post-war).
Doubling Time: Time required for a population to double in size; an important measure of population growth.
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI): Percentage of annual population growth excluding migration factors; used for demographic analysis.

Socioeconomic Categories

More Developed Country (MDC): Countries that have advanced socio-economic development, often with high living standards.
Less Developed Countries (LDC): Less industrialized nations, typically facing economic and social challenges; often in early stages of demographic transitions.

Health and Technology

Medical Revolution: Transition in the late 20th century in which medical advancements from developed countries enhanced healthcare in developing regions.
Epidemiological Transition Model: Framework emphasizing different death causes at various developmental stages, explaining demographic shifts.

Theories of Population

Malthusian Theory: Suggests that population growth will inevitably outpace food supply, leading to famine and societal stress.
Neo-Malthusian: A modern reiteration of Malthus's ideas, stressing environmental degradation due to overpopulation and resource scarcity.

Population Control Policies

Anti-Natalist Policies: Government actions aimed at reducing birth rates; can include education and family planning.
Pro-Natalist Policies: Policies intended to encourage higher birth rates, often supported by incentives for families.

Additional Demographic Concepts

Dependency Ratio: Comparison of non-working-age individuals (young and elderly) to the working population; affects economic planning.
Life Expectancy: Average life span expected for an individual; serves as an indicator of healthcare and living conditions.
Population Pyramids: Graphical representation of population distribution by age and sex; useful for understanding demographic trends.

Key Terms in Population and Migration

Mobility: The general movement of populations, indicating patterns of migration and settlement.
Periodic Movement: Temporary relocation often associated with seasonal work or education, such as students going to college.
Overpopulation: Occurs when the population exceeds the environment's capacity to sustain equitable living standards.
Ecumene: Regions of Earth that are inhabited and heavily populated.

Geographic Population Focus

Population Center: Areas with high population density such as East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe; indicates global population trends.
Demographic Transition Model: Illustrates the transition from high birth and death rates to lower rates as a country develops economically and socially.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Unit 2 of AP Human Geography. This quiz covers important terms such as Agricultural Population Density and Physiological Population Density, providing definitions to enhance your understanding of population metrics in geography.