AP Human Geography Unit 1 Vocab
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Questions and Answers

What is globalization?

  • The expansion of processes to a global scale (correct)
  • A type of map projection
  • The study of human adaptations
  • An increase in cultural traits

    • Give an example of globalization.

    McDonald's expansion into a global company.

    What is a perceptual region?

    A region that only exists as a conceptualization.

    Provide an example of a perceptual region.

    <p>The South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)?

    <p>A collection of hardware and software for spatial data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is GIS usually formatted for the user's convenience?

    <p>In layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Time Space Compression refer to?

    <p>The social and physical effects of living in a densely connected world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Global Positioning System (GPS)?

    <p>A satellite-based system for determining absolute location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What things typically use GPS?

    <p>Modern cars, phones, computers, airplanes, and trains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Distance Decay?

    <p>The effects of distance on interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Distance Decay.

    <p>France having a closer relationship with Germany than China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Expansion Diffusion?

    <p>The spread of an innovation or idea that grows larger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What three types of diffusion fit under the 'Expansion' category?

    <p>Contagious, Hierarchical, Stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Contagious Diffusion?

    <p>The distance-controlled spreading of ideas through contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of Contagious Diffusion.

    <p>Any illness or outbreak, except for HIV/AIDS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Thematic Map?

    <p>Maps that tell stories about geographic phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is this an example of a Thematic Map: A map showing rainfall distribution?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Movement in geography?

    <p>The mobility of people, goods, and ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example in history of Movement.

    <p>People migrating across the Bering Land Bridge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Cultural Landscape?

    <p>A geographic area associated with cultural values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a Cultural Landscape.

    <p>The Gettysburg battlefield.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Sequence Occupant?

    <p>The notion that successive societies leave cultural imprints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Sequence Occupant.

    <p>Alexandria, Egypt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Fraction of Distance?

    <p>The increase in time and cost with distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of Fraction of Distance.

    <p>It costs more to fly from Atlanta to Paris than from Atlanta to Boston.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Latitude?

    <p>An imaginary line parallel to the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parallel at 0 degrees?

    <p>The Equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Relocation Diffusion?

    <p>A process where diffusion occurs through migration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Relocation Diffusion.

    <p>The spread of the Spanish language to Latin America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Possibilism?

    <p>A viewpoint emphasizing human decision-making in cultural development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide a prime example of Possibilism.

    <p>A greenhouse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 0-degree longitude called?

    <p>Prime Meridian.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What city does the Prime Meridian cross through?

    <p>Greenwich, England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Cartogram Map?

    <p>A map where thematic variables replace land area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map appears distorted due to size alterations?

    <p>A Cartogram Map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Relative Location?

    <p>The regional position of a place relative to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Relative Location.

    <p>France is on the Northwest border of Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the International Date Line?

    <p>A line separating today from tomorrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cultural Ecology?

    <p>The study of human adaptations to environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of adaptation in Cultural Ecology.

    <p>The Inuit using the entire seal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Choropleth Map?

    <p>A map using shading to indicate average values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When may a Choropleth Map be used?

    <p>To describe and compare GDP of different regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Time Space Convergence?

    <p>Accelerated movement of goods and information in the 20th century.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Hearth?

    <p>The area where an idea originates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the hearth of Christianity?

    <p>Jerusalem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Independent Invention?

    <p>A trait with multiple cultural hearths developed independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of Independent Invention.

    <p>The start-up of farming in ancient civilizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Mercator Projection?

    <p>A cylindrical map projection that distorts poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 Themes of Geography?

    <p>Location, human-environment, region, place, movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Location in geography?

    <p>The geographic situation of people and things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Human Environment?

    <p>The reciprocal relationship between humans and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Region in geography?

    <p>An area marked by formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Place in geography.

    <p>The uniqueness of a location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Reference Map?

    <p>Maps showing the absolute location of geographic features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Graduated Symbol Map?

    <p>A map using size to represent differences in magnitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Diffusion?

    <p>The spatial spreading of a culture element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hierarchical Diffusion?

    <p>Diffusion spreading by passing among connected places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of Hierarchical Diffusion.

    <p>Fashion trends spreading from designers to society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Isoline Map?

    <p>A map that joins similar areas with lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Political Ecology?

    <p>Study of nature-society relations relating to environmental issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Landscape Analysis?

    <p>A method to help make critical decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Distribution?

    <p>The frequency or occurrence of something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Distortion?

    <p>The action of giving a misleading account.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Spatial Perspective?

    <p>The geographic concept of where things happen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Functional Region?

    <p>A region defined by specific activities or interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a Functional Region.

    <p>The European Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Site in geography?

    <p>The internal physical attributes of a place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Site.

    <p>My house is on the coordinates (9.45, 7.85).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Situation in geography?

    <p>The external location attributes of a place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of Situation.

    <p>Atlanta is in the northern part of Georgia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Longitude?

    <p>An imaginary line circling the Earth through the poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Distance in geography?

    <p>Measurement of physical space between two places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Environmental Determinism?

    <p>The view that environment influences human life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What viewpoint states that civilizations thrive based on their environment?

    <p>Environmentalism or Environmental Determinism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Formal Region?

    <p>A region marked by homogeneity in phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Remote Sensing?

    <p>A method of collecting data from a distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Scale in geography?

    <p>Representation of real-world phenomena at a reduced level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Spatial refer to?

    <p>Pertaining to space on the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are World Regions?

    <p>Regions with common traits, such as Western Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the North Pole?

    <p>The northernmost point of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the South Pole?

    <p>The southernmost point of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Map Projections?

    <p>Representations of portions of the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Azimuthal/Polar Projection?

    <p>Map projection tangential to Earth's surface at poles or equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Robinson Projection?

    <p>A map showing the entire world at once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Geospatial Data?

    <p>Information represented in a geographic coordinate system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Absolute Direction?

    <p>A compass direction such as North.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Relative Direction?

    <p>Directional terms based on perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Vernacular Region?

    <p>Same as perceptual region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stimulus Diffusion?

    <p>Cultural adaptation due to introduction of a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give a common example of Stimulus Diffusion.

    <p>The Maharaja Mac.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Geographic Perspective?

    <p>Understanding a topic using spatial features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Absolute Location?

    <p>The exact position expressed in latitude and longitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Globalization

    • Economic, political, and cultural processes expanding globally, impacting state boundaries.
    • Example: McDonald's as a global company influencing various cultures.

    Perceptual Region

    • Conceptual regions that exist in thought rather than physical boundaries.
    • Example: "The South" in the United States.

    Geographic Information System (GIS)

    • Computer hardware and software for collecting and analyzing spatial data.
    • GIS data is often organized in layers for user convenience.

    Time Space Compression

    • Reflects the social and physical effects of rapid convergence of time and space, as associated with David Harvey.

    Global Positioning System (GPS)

    • Satellite-based system used to determine exact locations on Earth.
    • Commonly found in modern cars, phones, computers, and various vehicles.

    Distance Decay

    • Interaction decreases as distance increases.
    • Example: Closer relationships between France and Germany compared to France and China.

    Expansion Diffusion

    • Spread of innovation or ideas resulting in a growing number of influenced populations.
    • Types include contagious, hierarchical, and stimulus diffusion.

    Contagious Diffusion

    • Spreading of ideas or innovations through localized populations similarly to disease spread.
    • Example: General illness outbreaks (excluding HIV/AIDS).

    Thematic Map

    • Maps that illustrate stories and highlight specific attributes or movement of geographical phenomena.

    Movement

    • Theme of geography detailing the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across Earth.
    • Historical example: Migration of people across the Bering Land Bridge.

    Cultural Landscape

    • Geographic areas associated with historic events or activities.
    • Example: Gettysburg battlefield.

    Sequence Occupant

    • Concept that successive societies leave cultural imprints, contributing to a cumulative landscape.
    • Example: Alexandria, Egypt with Egyptian, Greek, and Roman influences.

    Fraction of Distance

    • Increased time and cost associated with greater distances.
    • Example: Higher cost to fly from Atlanta to Paris versus Atlanta to Boston.

    Latitude (Parallels)

    • Imaginary lines running east-west, measuring distance north or south of the equator.

    Relocation Diffusion

    • Process where innovations spread as carrier agents relocate to new areas, notably seen in colonization.
    • Example: Spread of Spanish language and culture in Latin America.

    Possibilism

    • Geographic viewpoint emphasizing human decision-making as critical for cultural development.

    Prime Meridian

    • Longitude line at 0 degrees, passing through Greenwich, England.

    Cartogram Map

    • Map type that distorts land area and distance based on thematic variables, creating a unique visual representation.

    Relative Location

    • The situation of a place relative to others.
    • Example: France's location on the northwest border of Spain.

    International Date Line

    • Divides today and tomorrow, mainly following the 180-degree meridian in the Bering Strait.

    Cultural Ecology

    • Study of how humans adapt to social and physical environments.
    • Example: Inuit using every part of seals and whales due to scarcity in the Arctic.

    Choropleth Map

    • Map using color or shading to depict values within predefined areas.
    • Used for comparing regional attributes like GDP.

    Time Space Convergence

    • Accelerated movement of goods and ideas in the 20th century due to advancements in transport and communication.

    Hearth

    • Geographic origin of an idea or cultural trait, notably Jerusalem for Christianity.

    Independent Invention

    • Similar traits arising in multiple cultural hearths independently.
    • Example: Independent emergence of farming across ancient civilizations.

    Mercator Projection

    • Distorts polar areas but is utilized for navigation due to straight lines representing constant compass directions.

    5 Themes of Geography

    • Location, human-environment interaction, region, place, and movement are central themes identified by GENIP.

    Site

    • Internal physical attributes of a place, such as its exact location and setting.
    • Example: Specific latitude and longitude coordinates of a house.

    Situation

    • External attributes of a place, regarding its relative location to other places.
    • Example: Atlanta's positioning relative to Savannah.

    Longitude

    • Lines circling the Earth, measuring angular distances from the Prime Meridian.

    Environmental Determinism

    • Theory that the natural environment influences human development, including cultural aspects.

    Formal Region

    • Areas with a degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena.

    Remote Sensing

    • Data collection method using instruments distanced from the area of study.

    Scale

    • Representation level of real-world phenomena in reduced forms.

    World Regions

    • Areas characterized by common traits, such as Western Europe.

    Map Projections

    • Techniques for representing Earth's surface on a flat plane.

    Geospatial Data

    • Information represented in numeric values within a geographic coordinate system, crucial for mapping.

    Absolute Direction

    • Universal compass directions (North, South, etc.).

    Relative Direction

    • Direction based on perception, such as left or right.

    Vernacular Region

    • Synonymous with perceptual region, reflecting people's perceptions.

    Stimulus Diffusion

    • Cultural adaptations arising from the introduction of traits from other places.
    • Example: Indian adaptation of the Maharaja Mac burger.

    Geographic Perspective

    • Understanding topics by examining spatial features and relationships.

    Absolute Location

    • Specific location of an item defined by latitude and longitude.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of key terms and examples from Unit 1 of AP Human Geography. This quiz covers important concepts such as globalization and perceptual regions, providing definitions and real-world applications. Perfect for review and preparation for exams.

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