AP Human Geography Globalization Flashcards

Study Notes

Globalization

Expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes on a global scale.
Transcends national boundaries and yields varied outcomes based on location and context.

Networks

Defined as interconnected nodes without a centralized authority, as per Manuel Castells.
Essential for understanding the flow of information and resources in globalization.

Nodes

Geographical centers that serve as hubs of activity and influence.
Larger cities typically host multiple nodes due to their cultural and economic significance.

Participatory Development

Advocates for local engagement in determining developmental goals and methods.
Example: Community meetings to discuss improvements like acquiring more books for local libraries.

Local Exchange Trading

A barter system utilizing a local currency for trading goods and services within a community.
Facilitates transactions outside the formal economy, e.g., a barber exchanging services with a plumber.

Vertical Integration

Occurs when a single firm owns various companies along different stages of a commodity chain.
Example: A company owning a farm, grocery store, and a distribution business for produce.

Horizontal Integration

Involves ownership of multiple companies at the same level in the commodity chain.
Example: Lord & Taylor absorbing Marshall Field's, making its location accessible to a wider audience.

Synergy

Refers to the cross-promotion of products created by vertically-integrated companies.
Example: Heinz using packaging to promote Ore-Ida fries, enhancing brand visibility for both.

Gatekeepers

Individuals or companies that control access to critical information.
Example: Area 51 serves as a gatekeeper of sensitive governmental data.

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of globalization in AP Human Geography. These flashcards cover essential terms and definitions related to economic, political, and cultural dimensions that transcend global boundaries. Get ready to enhance your understanding of interconnected networks and nodes.