AP Human Geography Midterm Chapter 1
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AP Human Geography Midterm Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What is Human Geography?

  • Mapping of disease distribution
  • Study of the mobility of people, goods, and ideas
  • Study of physical phenomena on Earth
  • Study of how people make places and organize space (correct)
  • What is Physical Geography?

    The study of physical phenomena on Earth.

    What does Space refer to in geography?

    How places and phenomena are laid out, organized, and arranged on the Earth.

    What is Medical Geography?

    <p>The mapping of disease distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Pandemic?

    <p>A world-wide outbreak of a disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Medical Geography.

    <p>The mapping of the cholera outbreak in London.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Epidemic?

    <p>A regional outbreak of a disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five themes of geography?

    <p>Location, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, Region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Location refer to in geography?

    <p>How the geographical position of people and things affects what happens and why.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Location.

    <p>San Francisco arose where it did because the bay it sits on is an excellent place for docks during trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Human-Environment Interaction?

    <p>The relationship between humans and the physical world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Human-Environment Interaction.

    <p>The effects of the Army Corps of Engineers altering rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Region refer to in geography?

    <p>How certain phenomena are concentrated in particular areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Place refer to in geography?

    <p>The uniqueness of a location; how people make an imprint on a location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Perception of Place?

    <p>How people perceive a particular area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Perception of Place.

    <p>Businesses might not want to move to Appalachia because of the perception that it is inhabited by backward, poor people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Movement refer to in geography?

    <p>The mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Landscape refer to in geography?

    <p>The material character of a place, including natural features and human structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cultural Landscape?

    <p>The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Sequent Occupance?

    <p>Cultural succession and its lasting imprint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Sequent Occupance.

    <p>New Orleans was founded by the French, then occupied by African slaves, then controlled by European Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Expansion Diffusion?

    <p>When an idea develops in a hearth and remains strong while it spreads outward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Contagious Diffusion?

    <p>When nearly all adjacent individuals are affected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hierarchical Diffusion?

    <p>Occurs in a more diffused, hit or miss pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Hierarchical Diffusion.

    <p>Vegetarianism might spread from its hearth to larger cities, bypassing rural areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stimulus Diffusion?

    <p>When an idea cannot be readily adopted due to inconvenience or taboo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Stimulus Diffusion.

    <p>Fast food; hamburgers are taboo in India, but McDonald's has embraced vegetarian options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Relocation Diffusion?

    <p>When individuals who created an idea move and carry it with them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Independent Invention?

    <p>A cultural trait with many hearths that developed independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Distance Decay?

    <p>When a trait has spread out for so long that it becomes less likely to be adopted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Absolute Location?

    <p>Locations determined by a frame of reference such as latitude and longitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Relative Location?

    <p>A place in relation to other human or physical features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Relative Location.

    <p>In northern Illinois, all roads lead to Chicago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Environmental Determinism mean?

    <p>The idea that human behavior is strongly affected by the physical environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Environmental Determinism.

    <p>The northward movement of isotherms explains the power dynamics of Northern European nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Possibilism Theory?

    <p>The natural environment merely serves to limit the range of choices available to a culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Site?

    <p>The absolute location chosen for the best defensive, trade, and religious location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Site.

    <p>The Romans paid attention to where they placed their settlements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Situation?

    <p>A place's relative location; its place in relation to the world around it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of Situation.

    <p>After European exploration, coastal cities gained dominance over interior cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Toponym?

    <p>A place name.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Formal Region?

    <p>A region marked by visible uniformity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a Formal Region.

    <p>A desert; it is formed by sand and steep mountains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Functional Region?

    <p>A product of interaction or movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a Functional Region.

    <p>A city; it has various types of movement such as commuting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Perceptual/Vernacular Region?

    <p>How we perceive a region to look like.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a Perceptual Region.

    <p>The South; it evokes strong emotions due to historical context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)?

    <p>Used to compare spatial data by layering it into a computer to create maps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Reference Maps?

    <p>Maps that show locations of places and geographic features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Thematic Maps?

    <p>Maps that tell stories by showing the movement of a geographic phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Global Positioning System (GPS)?

    <p>Shows us the exact location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mercator Projection?

    <p>Uses parallels and meridians at right angles; direction plays the main role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Robinson Projection?

    <p>Reduces the exaggerated size of polar landmasses; it better approximates shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Remote Sensing?

    <p>How geographers monitor the Earth's surface from a distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Geography Concepts

    • Human Geography: Examines how people create places, organize society, interact across spaces, and understand their localities.
    • Physical Geography: Focuses on the Earth's physical phenomena, such as landforms and climates.
    • Space: Refers to the arrangement and organization of places and phenomena on Earth.
    • Medical Geography: Involves mapping disease distribution, highlighting the significance of geography in health.

    Disease and Geography

    • Pandemic: A global outbreak of disease affecting multiple countries or continents.
    • Epidemic: A regional outbreak of disease, impacting a specific area.
    • Example of Medical Geography: Mapping the cholera outbreak in London illustrates the relationship between health and geography.

    Geographic Themes

    • Five Themes of Geography: Location, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, and Region.
    • Location: The geographical position influencing events and activities; e.g., San Francisco's trade positioning on the bay.
    • Human-Environment Interaction: Describes how human activities impact and alter the physical environment.

    Place and Perception

    • Place: The distinct characteristics of a location influenced by human actions.
    • Perception of Place: How individuals view a location, such as business reluctance to move to Appalachia based on negative perceptions.

    Movement and Landscape

    • Movement: Involves the mobility of people, goods, and ideas on Earth.
    • Landscape: The composite of natural features and human structures that shape a location.
    • Cultural Landscape: The visible effects of human activity on the environment.

    Cultural Dynamics

    • Sequent Occupance: The cultural succession that leaves lasting impacts on an area, exemplified by New Orleans' diverse cultural influences.
    • Various Types of Diffusion:
      • Expansion Diffusion: Ideas spread from a central hearth while remaining strong.
      • Contagious Diffusion: Affects nearly all adjacent individuals, similar to contagion.
      • Hierarchical Diffusion: Spreads in a patterned manner, often from larger to smaller populations.
      • Stimulus Diffusion: Adaptation of an idea primarily influenced by a specific culture's taboos.

    Cultural Transmission

    • Relocation Diffusion: Transfer of ideas through the movement of individuals who create them.
    • Independent Invention: Cultural traits that emerge independently across different societies.

    Geographic Principles

    • Distance Decay: Describes how traits lose influence as they spread further from their origin.
    • Absolute Location: Defined by coordinates, such as latitude and longitude.
    • Relative Location: A place's location in relation to other places.

    Environmental Perspectives

    • Environmental Determinism: Theory suggesting human behavior is heavily influenced by the physical environment.
    • Possibilism: Conflicts with determinism by stating that the environment limits, but does not dictate, cultural choices.

    Geographic Concepts

    • Site: The physical characteristics of a location chosen for various significant reasons (defensive, trade, etc.).
    • Situation: A location's relative position and significance regarding surrounding areas.
    • Toponym: The study of place names and their significance.

    Geographic Regions

    • Formal Region: Exhibits uniformity in specific characteristics, such as a desert.
    • Functional Region: Defined by interactions and movements, such as a city and its suburbs.
    • Perceptual Region: Subjective perception of a region, often influenced by historical and cultural contexts (e.g., the South).

    Geographic Technologies

    • Geographic Information System (GIS): A technological tool for layering spatial data to analyze relationships.
    • Reference Maps: Display locations of geographic features.
    • Thematic Maps: Illustrate specific themes or trends in geographic phenomena.
    • Global Positioning System (GPS): Provides precise location information.

    Map Projections

    • Mercator Projection: Projects the Earth's surface onto a cylinder, maintaining direction but distorting size.
    • Robinson Projection: Balances size and shape distortions but compromises on accurate directions.
    • Remote Sensing: Techniques for observing and analyzing Earth's surface from a distance.

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    Prepare for your AP Human Geography exam with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 1. This quiz explores definitions and themes in human and physical geography, helping you to better understand spatial relationships and phenomena. Test your knowledge and boost your confidence before the midterm!

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