Questions and Answers
What does the Von Thunen Model explain?
What is agribusiness?
System of food production involving everything from seed development to food marketing.
Define agriculture.
Growing plants or raising animals for food.
What is biotechnology?
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What characterizes a capital-intensive farm?
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What is commercial farming?
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What is dairying?
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What are debt-for-nature swaps?
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Define desertification.
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What is double cropping?
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What was the enclosure movement?
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Who is Ester Boserup?
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What is extensive subsistence agriculture?
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Define famine.
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What was the first agricultural revolution?
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What is genetic modification?
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What was the Green Revolution?
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Who are hunters and gatherers?
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What is intensive subsistence agriculture?
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What is intertillage?
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What is a labor-intensive farm?
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What is land rent?
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What is a large-scale grain farm?
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What characterizes Mediterranean agriculture?
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What is a milkshed?
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What is mixed crop and livestock farming?
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What is an open-lot system?
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What is pastoralism?
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Define plantation agriculture.
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What is ranching?
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Define seed agriculture.
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What is shifting cultivation?
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What is slash-and-burn agriculture?
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What is soil erosion?
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What is subsistence farming?
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What is sustainable yield?
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Define swidden.
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What is the third agricultural revolution?
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What is transhumance?
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What is a truck farm?
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Define undernutrition.
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What is vegetative planting?
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Study Notes
Von Thunen Model
- The model illustrates agricultural land use patterns based on transportation costs.
- Closer proximity to marketplaces leads to intensive land use; farther areas are reserved for extensive farming.
- Zones are organized in concentric rings around a central city.
Agribusiness
- Encompasses the entire food production process from seed development to market sales.
Agriculture
- Involves cultivation of plants and raising of animals for food and market sale.
Biotechnology
- Utilizes living organisms to alter or enhance plant and animal products.
Capital-intensive Farm
- Relies heavily on machinery for production processes.
Commercial Farming
- Focuses on producing food primarily for sale in markets rather than for personal consumption.
Dairying
- Centers around the production of milk and milk-derived products for markets.
Debt-for-nature Swaps
- Forgiveness of international debts for developing countries in exchange for conservation efforts.
Desertification
- Refers to the reduction of arable land due to desert expansion.
Double Cropping
- Involves growing and harvesting multiple crops in a single year from the same field.
Enclosure Movement
- Transitioned communal farming to individual plots as capitalism emerged, prompting rural migration to cities.
Ester Boserup
- Proposed that subsistence farmers prioritize leisure, adapting agricultural methods based on population growth and food needs.
Extensive Subsistence Agriculture
- Relies on large land areas to cultivate food exclusively for the farmer's family.
Famine
- Describes extreme starvation resulting from extended periods of undernutrition in a region.
First Agricultural Revolution
- Began approximately 12,000 years ago with the advent of seed agriculture and animal domestication.
Genetic Modification
- Involves altering the genetic makeup of crops and animals to boost agricultural efficacy.
Green Revolution
- Innovated in the 1940s, leading to enhanced crop yields through hybrid seeds and fertilizers.
Hunters and Gatherers
- Nomadic groups that engage in foraging and hunting for sustenance.
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
- Maximizes efficiency of small land to produce food for the household.
Intertillage
- Combines different seed varieties within the same cultivation area.
Labor-intensive Farm
- Heavily relies on manual labor rather than machinery.
Land Rent
- Costs incurred by farmers for utilizing land.
Large-scale Grain Farm
- Focuses on producing grain primarily for export in extensive commercial operations.
Mediterranean Agriculture
- Characterized by cultivation of specific crops and grazing animals suited to Mediterranean climates.
Milkshed
- Zone around a city where milk can be produced and delivered fresh.
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
- Involves simultaneous cropping and livestock raising by farmers.
Open-lot System
- Community farming model where villagers jointly cultivate a shared land parcel.
Pastoralism
- Centers on breeding and managing herds for basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing.
Plantation Agriculture
- Specializes in large-scale farming of high-demand export crops.
Ranching
- Involves raising livestock on expansive areas for grazing.
Seed Agriculture
- Involves planting seeds instead of vegetative reproduction methods.
Shifting Cultivation
- Farming method that rotates cultivated fields to maintain soil fertility.
Slash-and-Burn Agriculture
- Method used by subsistence farmers to clear land for farming by cutting and burning vegetation.
Soil Erosion
- Refers to the loss of the top nutrient-rich soil layer.
Subsistence Farming
- Focuses solely on producing food sufficient for farmers’ families.
Sustainable Yield
- Represents the long-term viable rate of crop production.
Swidden
- Land prepared through slash-and-burn techniques for subsistence farming.
Third Agricultural Revolution
- Marked by globalization and industrialization of agriculture, enhancing food supply through technology.
Transhumance
- Seasonal migration of livestock between highland summer pastures and lowland winter pastures.
Truck Farm
- Pertains to commercial farming of flowers and vegetables.
Undernutrition
- Condition resulting from insufficient nutrient or caloric intake.
Vegetative Planting
- Early agricultural method involving propagation through plant parts rather than seeds.
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Prepare for your AP Human Geography exam with this flashcard review, focusing on key concepts and models like the Von Thunen Model. These cards will help you understand agricultural land use patterns and their relationship with transportation costs. Perfect for quick revision before the exam!