AP Human Geography Exam Review
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Questions and Answers

What does absolute location refer to?

  • The geographic coordinates of a place
  • The actual space a place occupies on Earth's surface (correct)
  • The historical significance of a location
  • The cultural characteristics of a place
  • What is acculturation?

    The change that occurs within a culture when it adopts a practice from another culture

    What are agglomeration effects?

    The cost advantages for an individual company gained by locating near similar industries or companies

    What is agribusiness?

    <p>Commercial agriculture in which large corporations own and operate various steps in the production process with an emphasis on profit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define agricultural density.

    <p>The number of people living in rural areas per unit of agricultural land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alliance in a geopolitical context?

    <p>An association among countries for the purpose of mutual defense or trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does animism encompass?

    <p>The belief that spirits live within objects such as animals, rivers, rocks, trees, and mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an antecedent boundary?

    <p>A boundary placed before the cultural landscape was developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an artifact represent?

    <p>Tangible pieces of material culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assimilation?

    <p>The process in which immigrants become totally integrated into the host culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the backwash effect?

    <p>The negative impact to the peripheral region sometimes caused by increased flows of labor and capital into a nearby high-growth region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the basic sector of an economy refer to?

    <p>Goods and services produced for individuals outside the urban work area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the bid-rent curve.

    <p>The concept that the concentric circles in Burgess's concentric zone model are based on the amount people are willing to pay for land in each zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biotechnology?

    <p>The application of scientific techniques to modify and improve plants, animals, and microorganisms to enhance their value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the built environment?

    <p>The material culture of an environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is carrying capacity?

    <p>The number of people an area can support on a sustained basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central business district (CBD)?

    <p>The business area found at the center of every older central city and urban area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is central place theory?

    <p>A theory developed by Walter Christaller that states that cities exist for economic reasons and that people gather in cities to share goods and ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does centrifugal force imply in a national context?

    <p>A strong, divisive force, such as religious differences or weak communication systems, at work in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is centripetal force?

    <p>A strong, unifying force, such as a charismatic leader or nationalism, at work in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chain migration?

    <p>The part of a migrant flow that follows former migrants to an area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does channelized migration refer to?

    <p>Repetitive pattern of migration not linked to family or ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a charter group?

    <p>The first group of settlers to establish a new and lasting culture and society in an area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a compact state.

    <p>A state that is basically round in shape, such as Poland or Bhutan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is colonialism?

    <p>A system in which a country declares control over a territory or people outside its own boundaries, usually for economic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does commodity chain refer to?

    <p>A chain of activities from the manufacturing to the distribution of a product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concentric zone model illustrate?

    <p>The model of urban land use developed by Burgess which demonstrates the invasion and succession processes that occur as the city grows and expands outward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a confederation?

    <p>A loose association of states organized for the purpose of retaining cohesion, such as the former republic of the USSR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does congregation refer to in a socio-cultural context?

    <p>An ethnic group's grouping together in a specific part of the city to support each other and minimize conflicts with those in the non-ethnic group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequent boundary?

    <p>A type of subsequent boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing linguistic, cultural, or religious boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is conservation agriculture?

    <p>A modern method of farming that balances maximum crop yield with sustainable farming methods and protection of the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Terms in AP Human Geography

    • Absolute location: The specific geographic coordinates of a place on Earth's surface.

    • Acculturation: Cultural change resulting from the adoption of practices from another culture.

    • Agglomeration effects: Cost benefits gained by businesses through proximity to similar industries, leading to external economies.

    • Agribusiness: Large-scale commercial agriculture operated by corporations, focusing on profitability across production stages.

    • Agricultural density: The ratio of the rural population to the available agricultural land.

    • Alliance: A formal arrangement among nations for collective defense or trade purposes.

    • Animism: A belief system that ascribes spiritual essence to natural objects and phenomena.

    • Antecedent boundary: A border established before significant cultural development occurred in the region.

    • Artifact: Physical objects representing material culture, significant for historical understanding.

    • Assimilation: The process where immigrants fully adopt the customs and culture of the host society.

    • Backwash effect: Negative consequences for a region as resources (labor, capital) are drawn towards a more prosperous area.

    • Basic sector: Industries producing goods and services primarily for external markets, outside the urban area.

    • Bid-rent curve: A model illustrating how land value varies in concentric zones from the city center based on demand.

    • Biotechnology: The use of scientific methods to alter and enhance the properties of biological entities like crops and livestock.

    • Built environment: The human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity.

    • Carrying capacity: The maximum population an environment can sustain indefinitely without degrading.

    • Central business district (CBD): The primary commercial area at the core of older cities.

    • Central place theory: Proposed by Walter Christaller, explaining urban settlements' formation based on economic functions and the need for goods and services.

    • Centrifugal force: Factors that lead to division and conflict within a country, such as ethnic or religious disparities.

    • Centripetal force: Elements that unify a nation, such as shared culture and leadership.

    • Chain migration: Subsequent waves of migrants moving to areas their relatives or friends previously settled.

    • Channelized migration: Non-familial and repetitive migration patterns, exemplified by older adults relocating to warmer regions.

    • Charter group: The initial settlers who establish a distinct culture and society in a new area.

    • Compact state: A state with a nearly round shape, which can facilitate easier governance and infrastructure.

    • Colonialism: The practice of a country exerting control over foreign territories for political and economic domination.

    • Commodity chain: A sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a product.

    • Concentric zone model: A framework for urban land use depicting the social stratification and growth of cities through concentric circles.

    • Confederation: A union of states or regions created for mutual support while often retaining individual governance.

    • Congregation: The clustering of ethnic groups in specific urban areas to foster community support.

    • Consequent boundary: A boundary created based on pre-existing cultural or linguistic criteria.

    • Conservation agriculture: Farming practices aimed at increasing crop productivity while preserving environmental health.

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    Prepare for the AP Human Geography exam with this comprehensive set of flashcards. Each card contains key terms and definitions to help you understand essential concepts such as absolute location, acculturation, and agglomeration effects. Perfect for quick revision and exam preparation.

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