AP Human Geography: Culture Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Culture?

  • The behaviors and belief characteristics of a particular group (correct)
  • The study of ancient civilizations
  • A geographic area with natural resources
  • The physical characteristics of a landscape
  • What is a Cultural Landscape?

    A geographic area that includes cultural resources and natural resources associated with interactions between nature and human behavior.

    What does Sequent-Occupance refer to?

    The notion that successful societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.

    Who argued that cultural landscapes should be the focus of human geography?

    <p>Carl Sauer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term Sequent-Occupance?

    <p>Derwent Whittlesey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Irredenta?

    <p>A region that is related ethically or historically to one country, but is ruled by another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Irredentism refer to?

    <p>A policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion aimed at a national group living in a neighboring country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Language?

    <p>Means of communicating by sounds and/or symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Franglais?

    <p>Terms or expressions borrowed from the English language used by the French.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Culture Hearth?

    <p>The place of origin of a major culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a Civilization?

    <p>A society in an advanced stage of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Cold War period?

    <p>A period of time after WWII where nuclear threats and confrontation were high between the USA and USSR, rather than actual warfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Dialect?

    <p>The language or vocabulary of a specific group of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Colonialism involve?

    <p>Attempt by one country to establish settlements and impose its economic and cultural principles in another country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Hegemonic Power?

    <p>One main power controlling everything else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Imperialism?

    <p>Policy of extending rule over other countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Balkanization refer to?

    <p>Process of division of a region/state into smaller regions/states that are often hostile with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Ideograms?

    <p>Characters that indicate the meaning of a thing without indicating the sounds to say it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Mesopotamia located?

    <p>Present-day Iraq.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mesoamerica?

    <p>Site of several ancient civilizations in present day Mexico and Central America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Ottoman Empire?

    <p>A Muslim empire that controlled southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and most of North Africa between the 16th and 18th centuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Supranationalism?

    <p>Method of decision making in multi-national political communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines Carrying Capacity?

    <p>Population size an environment can sustain or take care of.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cultural (Spatial) Diffusion entail?

    <p>The spread of ideas, knowledge, or innovation from its origin to other cultures and areas where they are adopted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Expansion in terms of diffusion?

    <p>An idea or innovation developed in a source area, remains strong there, and also spreads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Contagious diffusion?

    <p>A type of diffusion where nearly all adjacent individuals are affected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Hierarchical diffusion?

    <p>Main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to or adopting what is being diffused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Stimulus diffusion?

    <p>An idea or innovation is not immediately adopted, yet does have an impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Relocation Diffusion?

    <p>Requires the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in Migrant diffusion?

    <p>The idea or innovation loses its strength or population at the site of the origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Acculturation?

    <p>Process in which one culture substantially changes through interaction with another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Transculturation?

    <p>Two-way exchange of culture traits between societies in close contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Syncretism?

    <p>When two cultures come together and create a brand new culture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Time-Distance Decay refer to?

    <p>The further from its source or the longer it takes, the less likely the innovation is to be adopted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Culture

    • Defined by the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a specific group.

    Cultural Landscape

    • Encompasses geographical areas showcasing interactions between cultural and natural resources.

    Sequent-Occupance

    • Concept that successive societies imprint their culture on a place, influencing the cumulative cultural landscape.

    Carl Sauer

    • Advocate for focusing on cultural landscapes within human geography.

    Derwent Whittlesey

    • Credited with coining the term sequent-occupance.

    Irredenta

    • Refers to regions linked historically or ethnically to one country but governed by another.

    Irredentism

    • Policy aimed at cultural or political expansion for national groups residing in neighboring countries.

    Language

    • A system of communication using sounds and symbols.

    Franglais

    • Incorporates English terms into the French language, demonstrating linguistic borrowing.

    Culture Hearth

    • The origin point of a major culture.

    Civilization

    • Describes societies in advanced developmental stages.

    Cold War (1945-1991)

    • Era characterized by high nuclear tensions and confrontations between the USA and USSR following WWII.

    Dialect

    • The specific language and vocabulary associated with a particular group.

    Colonialism

    • Involves one hegemonic power establishing settlements and imposing its cultural and economic systems in another country.

    Hegemonic Power

    • A dominant entity exerting control over others.

    Imperialism

    • Policy focused on extending authority and governance over other nations.

    Balkanization

    • The division of a region into smaller, often hostile, states or regions.

    Ideograms

    • Characters that convey meanings without indicating their phonetic sounds, as found in languages like Chinese and Korean.

    Mesopotamia

    • Historical region known for multiple ancient civilizations in present-day Iraq.

    Mesoamerica

    • Historical area of several ancient civilizations located in modern-day Mexico and Central America.

    Ottoman Empire

    • A Muslim empire that dominated southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa from the 16th to the 18th centuries.

    Supranationalism

    • Approach to decision-making within multinational political communities.

    Carrying Capacity

    • The maximum population size that an environment can support sustainably.

    Cultural (Spatial) Diffusion

    • The dissemination of ideas, knowledge, or innovations from their point of origin to new cultural areas.

    Expansion Diffusion

    • Innovation remains robust in its source area while spreading outward.

    Contagious Diffusion

    • Affects nearly all adjacent individuals.

    Hierarchical Diffusion

    • The main diffusion channel originates from a significant segment of the population.

    Stimulus Diffusion

    • An idea is not immediately adopted but does influence further developments.

    Relocation Diffusion

    • Involves the physical movement of individuals who carry ideas to new areas.

    Migrant Diffusion

    • The idea loses potency at the origin site during its spread.

    Acculturation

    • One culture significantly alters due to interaction with another, representing a one-way cultural transfer.

    Transculturation

    • Mutual cultural exchange of traits between closely interacting societies.

    Syncretism

    • The creation of a new culture resulting from the merging of two distinct cultures.

    Time-Distance Decay

    • The likelihood of innovation adoption diminishes with increased distance from its origin and time elapsed.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts in culture through these flashcards designed for AP Human Geography. Understand terms like 'Culture', 'Cultural Landscape', and 'Sequent-Occupance' to enhance your geographical knowledge of human interactions. Perfect for reviewing and reinforcing your learning.

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