AP Human Geography Chapter 1 Terms

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Questions and Answers

Define space time compression relating it to technological innovations.

Space time compression is the increasing sense of connectivity that brings people closer together despite distances remaining the same, facilitated by technology like the internet and cell phones.

What is a formal region?

A formal region is a region composed of areas that have a common cultural or physical feature.

What does spatial perspective mean in geography?

Spatial perspective is an outlook through which geographers identify, explain, and predict human and physical patterns in space and the interconnectedness of various spaces.

What is meant by situation in geographical terms?

<p>Situation refers to the location of a place relative to the physical and cultural characteristics around it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define perceptual region.

<p>A perceptual region is a region whose boundaries are determined by people's beliefs, rather than a scientifically measurable process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are intermediate directions?

<p>Southeast (B), Southwest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is human geography?

<p>Human geography is the branch of geography primarily concerned with analyzing the structures, processes, and location of human creations and their interactions with the earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does GPS stand for and what is its purpose?

<p>GPS stands for Global Positioning System, and it is a system of satellites used to determine an exact location on the global grid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is GMT and its significance?

<p>GMT stands for Greenwich Mean Time, and it serves as the baseline for time zones around the world, centered on the prime meridian.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define relative directions.

<p>Relative directions are directions commonly given by people, such as right, left, up, and down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is distortion in the context of maps?

<p>Distortion is a necessary error resulting from trying to represent a round, nearly spherical Earth on a flat plane or map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is absolute location?

<p>Absolute location is the position of an object on the global grid defined by latitude and longitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are great circles?

<p>Great circles are the equator and every line of longitude paired with its twin on the opposite side of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define cartography.

<p>Cartography is the process of map making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is friction of distance?

<p>Friction of distance is the degree to which distance interferes with some interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an equidistant map?

<p>An equidistant map is a map that maintains distance but distorts other properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a geographic model?

<p>A geographic model is a simplified version of what exists on the Earth or what might exist in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define map.

<p>A map is a two-dimensional model of the Earth or a portion of its surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sense of place refer to?

<p>Sense of place refers to a person's perception of the human and physical attributes of a location that give it a unique identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cultural ecology?

<p>Cultural ecology is the study of human-environment interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Galls-Peters projection?

<p>The Galls-Peters projection is a map created by a geographer to show the relative sizes of the Earth's continents accurately, distorting shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chloropleth map?

<p>A chloropleth map is a map that shows a pattern of some variable, such as population density or voting patterns, by using various colors or degrees of shading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define site in geographical terms.

<p>Site refers to the internal physical and cultural characteristics of a place, such as its terrain and dominant religions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Robinson projection?

<p>The Robinson projection is a map showing the world with slight distortions to all four properties, rather than having one property correct and the others drastically distorted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is simplification in cartography?

<p>Simplification is the cartographer's process of eliminating unnecessary details and focusing on the information that needs to be displayed in the map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an isoline thematic map?

<p>An isoline thematic map is a map displaying lines that connect points of equal value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Spatial perspective

A method used by geographers to identify and analyze human and physical patterns in space.

Perceptual region

Regions defined by people's beliefs and perceptions rather than measurable criteria.

Formal region

Defined areas sharing a common cultural or physical trait.

Situation

Refers to a place's location concerning surrounding physical and cultural features.

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Space time compression

Increased connectivity due to technological innovations like the internet and cell phones, countering distance decay effects.

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Human geography

The branch of geography that focuses on human creations and interactions with the earth.

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Relative directions

Directions given based on personal experience like right, left, up, and down.

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Intermediate directions

Include southeast, southwest, northeast, and northwest.

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Cartography

The art and science involved in map-making.

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Geographic model

A simplified representation of geographic realities on Earth or projections for the future.

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Simplification

The process of reducing map details to highlight essential information.

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Robinson Projection

A world map that minimizes distortion across various properties, offering an aesthetically pleasing view.

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Gall-Peters projection

Preserves relative sizes of continents but distorts their shapes.

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Cultural ecology

Explores the interplay between humans and their environment.

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Great circles

The largest possible circles on a sphere, including the equator and lines of longitude.

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GPS (Global Positioning System)

Satellite system that provides precise location data on a global grid.

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GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)

Time zone baseline centered on the prime meridian.

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Distortion

Errors incurred while representing the spherical Earth on flat maps.

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Absolute location

Exact position defined by latitude and longitude.

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Choropleth map

Visual representation of data patterns (e.g., population density) using color gradients.

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Equidistant map

Maintains accurate distances but alters other spatial properties.

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Sense of place

Individual perception of a location's unique identity based on human and physical attributes.

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Isoline thematic map

Displays lines connecting points of equal value, useful for representing continuous data like temperature.

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Study Notes

Space and Connectivity

  • Space time compression: Increased connectivity due to technological innovations like the internet and cell phones, countering distance decay effects.

Types of Regions

  • Formal region: Defined areas sharing a common cultural or physical trait.
  • Perceptual region: Regions defined by people's beliefs and perceptions rather than measurable criteria.

Geographic Concepts

  • Spatial perspective: Method used by geographers to identify and analyze human and physical patterns in space.
  • Situation: Refers to a place's location concerning surrounding physical and cultural features.

Directions and Mapping

  • Intermediate directions: Include southeast, southwest, northeast, and northwest.
  • Relative directions: Directions given based on personal experience like right, left, up, and down.

Geography and Technology

  • Human geography: Focuses on human creations and interactions with the earth.
  • GPS (Global Positioning System): Satellite system that provides precise location data on a global grid.
  • GMT (Greenwich Mean Time): Time zone baseline centered on the prime meridian.

Representation and Distortion

  • Distortion: Errors incurred while representing the spherical Earth on flat maps.
  • Absolute location: Exact position defined by latitude and longitude.
  • Great circles: Largest possible circles on a sphere, including the equator and lines of longitude.

Cartography and Mapping Techniques

  • Cartography: The art and science involved in map-making.
  • Equidistant map: Maintains accurate distances but alters other spatial properties.
  • Choropleth map: Visual representation of data patterns (e.g., population density) using color gradients.

Geographic Models and Interpretations

  • Geographic model: Simplified representations of geographic realities on Earth or projections for the future.
  • Sense of place: Individual perception of a location's unique identity based on human and physical attributes.

Human-Environment Interaction

  • Cultural ecology: Explores the interplay between humans and their environment.

Map Projections

  • Gall-Peters projection: Preserves relative sizes of continents but distorts their shapes.
  • Robinson projection: A world map that minimizes distortion across various properties, offering an aesthetically pleasing view.
  • Simplification: The process of reducing map details to highlight essential information.
  • Isoline thematic map: Displays lines connecting points of equal value, useful for representing continuous data like temperature.

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