Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are civil rights designed to protect against?
What are civil rights designed to protect against?
- Environmental issues
- Economic inequality
- Criminal activities
- Arbitrary or discriminatory treatment (correct)
What does the Fourteenth Amendment state about citizenship?
What does the Fourteenth Amendment state about citizenship?
It made all persons born or naturalized in the United States citizens of the country.
What does 'Equal Protection of the Laws' emphasize?
What does 'Equal Protection of the Laws' emphasize?
That laws must provide equivalent protection to all people.
What was the outcome of the Scott v. Stanford case?
What was the outcome of the Scott v. Stanford case?
What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?
What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?
What was the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson?
What was the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson?
What was decided in Brown v. Board?
What was decided in Brown v. Board?
What does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit?
What does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit?
What does suffrage refer to?
What does suffrage refer to?
What did the Fifteenth Amendment accomplish?
What did the Fifteenth Amendment accomplish?
What are poll taxes?
What are poll taxes?
What does the term 'White Primary' refer to?
What does the term 'White Primary' refer to?
What does the Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibit?
What does the Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibit?
What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
What did Hernandez v. Texas achieve?
What did Hernandez v. Texas achieve?
What was the ruling of Korematsu v. United States?
What was the ruling of Korematsu v. United States?
What did the Nineteenth Amendment grant?
What did the Nineteenth Amendment grant?
What was the goal of the Equal Rights Amendment?
What was the goal of the Equal Rights Amendment?
What was the significance of Reed v. Reed?
What was the significance of Reed v. Reed?
What did Craig v. Boren establish?
What did Craig v. Boren establish?
What does the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 require?
What does the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 require?
What was the ruling in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?
What was the ruling in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?
What is affirmative action?
What is affirmative action?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Civil Rights Concepts
- Civil rights encompass policies protecting individuals from unfair treatment by officials or others.
- The Fourteenth Amendment grants citizenship to all born or naturalized in the United States.
- Equal Protection Clause within the Fourteenth Amendment mandates that laws must offer equal protection to all individuals.
Landmark Supreme Court Cases
- Scott v. Stanford (1857): Supreme Court case where an ex-slave's fight for freedom was denied; judges disregarded "once free, always free" principle.
- Plessy v. Ferguson established "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing legal segregation in public facilities as long as facilities were equitable.
- Brown v. Board of Education deemed school segregation unconstitutional, citing psychological harm to black children; leveraged Fourteenth Amendment.
- Hernandez v. Texas (1954): Ended exclusion of Mexican Americans from juries in Texas, affirming equal legal rights.
- Korematsu v. United States (1944): Upheld the relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII as a wartime measure.
Legislative Milestones
- Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery across the United States.
- Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racial discrimination in public accommodations and job discrimination.
- Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to eliminate barriers hindering African American voting rights.
Suffrage and Voting Rights
- Suffrage refers to the legal right to vote.
- Fifteenth Amendment prohibits states from denying voting rights to African Americans.
- Poll Taxes were fees charged for voting, effectively disenfranchising many.
- The Twenty-fourth Amendment eliminated poll taxes in federal elections.
Gender Equality
- The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920.
- The Equal Rights Amendment was proposed to prohibit gender discrimination but was never ratified.
- Reed v. Reed (1971) marked a significant case where the Supreme Court acknowledged gender discrimination claims.
- Craig v. Boren (1976) set the "medium scrutiny" standard for reviewing gender discrimination cases.
Disability Rights
- The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 mandates reasonable accommodations for individuals with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination in employment and public services.
Affirmative Action
- Affirmative action programs aim to rectify past discrimination by improving access to jobs and opportunities for minority groups and women.
- Regent of the University of California v. Bakke affirmed that colleges may consider race in admissions decisions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
