AP Government Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are civil rights designed to protect against?

Environmental issues

Economic inequality

Criminal activities

Arbitrary or discriminatory treatment (correct)

What does the Fourteenth Amendment state about citizenship?

It made all persons born or naturalized in the United States citizens of the country.

What does 'Equal Protection of the Laws' emphasize?

That laws must provide equivalent protection to all people.

What was the outcome of the Scott v. Stanford case?

An ex-slave sued for his freedom and lost, with judges ignoring the 'once free, always free' law. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?

It abolished slavery. Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson?

The Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public places was legal as long as the facilities were equal. Signup and view all the answers

What was decided in Brown v. Board?

School segregation was declared unconstitutional. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit?

Racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants. Signup and view all the answers

What does suffrage refer to?

The right to vote. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Fifteenth Amendment accomplish?

Banned states from denying African Americans the right to vote. Signup and view all the answers

What are poll taxes?

Taxes required to be paid by citizens in order to vote. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'White Primary' refer to?

The practice of keeping blacks from voting in southern states' primaries. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibit?

Poll taxes in federal elections. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

To help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Signup and view all the answers

What did Hernandez v. Texas achieve?

Ended the exclusion of Mexican Americans from juries in Texas. Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling of Korematsu v. United States?

The Supreme Court upheld the order for the relocation of Japanese Americans. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Nineteenth Amendment grant?

Women the right to vote in 1920. Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Equal Rights Amendment?

To ban discrimination on the basis of gender. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Reed v. Reed?

It was the first case where the Supreme Court upheld a claim of gender discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What did Craig v. Boren establish?

The 'medium scrutiny' standard for determining gender discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 require?

Employers and public facilities to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What was the ruling in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?

Colleges can consider race as a factor in admissions processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is affirmative action?

Programs intended to help minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Civil Rights Concepts

Civil rights encompass policies protecting individuals from unfair treatment by officials or others.
The Fourteenth Amendment grants citizenship to all born or naturalized in the United States.
Equal Protection Clause within the Fourteenth Amendment mandates that laws must offer equal protection to all individuals.

Landmark Supreme Court Cases

Scott v. Stanford (1857): Supreme Court case where an ex-slave's fight for freedom was denied; judges disregarded "once free, always free" principle.
Plessy v. Ferguson established "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing legal segregation in public facilities as long as facilities were equitable.
Brown v. Board of Education deemed school segregation unconstitutional, citing psychological harm to black children; leveraged Fourteenth Amendment.
Hernandez v. Texas (1954): Ended exclusion of Mexican Americans from juries in Texas, affirming equal legal rights.
Korematsu v. United States (1944): Upheld the relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII as a wartime measure.

Legislative Milestones

Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery across the United States.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits racial discrimination in public accommodations and job discrimination.
Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to eliminate barriers hindering African American voting rights.

Suffrage and Voting Rights

Suffrage refers to the legal right to vote.
Fifteenth Amendment prohibits states from denying voting rights to African Americans.
Poll Taxes were fees charged for voting, effectively disenfranchising many.
The Twenty-fourth Amendment eliminated poll taxes in federal elections.

Gender Equality

The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920.
The Equal Rights Amendment was proposed to prohibit gender discrimination but was never ratified.
Reed v. Reed (1971) marked a significant case where the Supreme Court acknowledged gender discrimination claims.
Craig v. Boren (1976) set the "medium scrutiny" standard for reviewing gender discrimination cases.

Disability Rights

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 mandates reasonable accommodations for individuals with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination in employment and public services.

Affirmative Action

Affirmative action programs aim to rectify past discrimination by improving access to jobs and opportunities for minority groups and women.
Regent of the University of California v. Bakke affirmed that colleges may consider race in admissions decisions.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 5 of AP Government. Covering key terms like Civil Rights, the Fourteenth Amendment, and Equal Protection of the Laws, this quiz is a great way to prepare for your exams. Enhance your understanding of essential legal concepts and their implications.