Crime and Justice Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a crime?

  • A lawful act
  • An act that breaks a law and causes harm to people or society (correct)
  • A form of justice
  • A personal dispute

    • What are individual rights?

    Personal freedoms, protections, and equality under the law.

    What was the USA Patriot Act?

    A law passed to prevent terrorist attacks by allowing greater government access to electronic communications.

    Who is an individual-rights advocate?

    <p>One who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the process of criminal justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a public-order advocate?

    <p>One who believes society's interests should take precedence over individual rights under certain conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is justice?

    <p>The quality of being just or fair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social justice?

    <p>Fair treatment for all people in a society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does civil justice refer to?

    <p>The civil law and procedures regarding private rights and remedies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is criminal justice?

    <p>The process of achieving justice through the application of criminal law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who administers justice?

    <p>People who carry out laws and ensure compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criminal justice system?

    <p>The system of police, courts, and prisons that deals with accused individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consensus model in criminal justice?

    <p>A perspective that assumes components of the system work together harmoniously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conflict model in criminal justice?

    <p>A model where criminal law content is determined by powerful groups in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a warrant?

    <p>A writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is booking in law enforcement?

    <p>The process of recording an entry into detention after an arrest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bail?

    <p>A legal system allowing temporary release from custody under financial guarantee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a preliminary hearing?

    <p>A critical stage to determine if probable cause exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is probable cause?

    <p>A reasonable belief that a specific person has committed a crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an information in criminal law?

    <p>A written accusation issued by a prosecutor against a defendant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an indictment?

    <p>A formal complaint before a grand jury charging the accused with crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a grand jury?

    <p>A group that votes on whether evidence warrants a trial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during an arraignment?

    <p>The defendant hears charges and enters a plea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trial?

    <p>The examination in court of someone's guilt or innocence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consecutive sentence?

    <p>Prison terms served one after the other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concurrent sentence?

    <p>Simultaneous prison terms for multiple offenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is due process?

    <p>A constitutional guarantee for fair legal proceedings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crime control model?

    <p>A perspective emphasizing efficient arrest and conviction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the due process model?

    <p>A perspective emphasizing individual rights in the justice process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social control?

    <p>Society's attempts to regulate thoughts and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is criminology?

    <p>The scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and law enforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is evidence-based practice?

    <p>Practices supported by evidence that demonstrate effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is multiculturalism?

    <p>Recognition and promotion of cultural diversity and equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crime and Justice Terminology

    • Crime: An act violating law, causing harm to individuals or society.
    • Individual Rights: Freedoms and protections guaranteed by the Constitution and laws, ensuring equality.
    • USA Patriot Act: Enacted after 9/11 to bolster security through increased government access to communications; controversial for potential civil liberties infringements.
    • Individual-Rights Advocate: A proponent of safeguarding personal freedoms in criminal justice processes.
    • Public-Order Advocate: Prioritizes societal interests over individual rights during threats to public safety.

    Justice Concepts

    • Justice: The principle of fairness in law enforcement.
    • Social Justice: Ensures equitable treatment for all within society.
    • Civil Justice: Governs private rights, intertwined with social justice, covering civil law and procedures.

    Criminal Justice Overview

    • Criminal Justice: The method of enforcing criminal law to achieve justice.
    • Administration of Justice: Enforces laws and ensures compliance within society.
    • Criminal Justice System: Comprises police, courts, and prisons addressing criminal accusations.

    Justice Models

    • Consensus Model: Assumes harmony among criminal justice system components to achieve justice.
    • Conflict Model: Asserts that criminal law reflects the interests of powerful groups in society.
    • Warrant: A legal document authorizing police to take specific actions.
    • Booking: The process of formally recording an arrest, detailing various identifications related to the incident.
    • Bail: Provision allowing temporary release from custody, secured by a financial guarantee for trial appearance.
    • Preliminary Hearing: Determines existence of probable cause for a criminal charge against the defendant.
    • Probable Cause: Reasonable belief, based on personal knowledge or reliable sources, of criminal activity by an individual.

    Criminal Charges and Procedures

    • Information: Written accusation from a prosecutor alleging a crime by a defendant.
    • Indictment: Formal complaint by a grand jury charging an individual with crimes.
    • Grand Jury: A jurors’ panel deciding if sufficient evidence exists for a trial.
    • Arraignment: Initial court appearance where charges are presented and pleas are entered.
    • Trial: Legal examination to ascertain guilt or innocence.

    Sentencing

    • Consecutive Sentence: Prison terms served one after another, with each sentence applying sequentially.
    • Concurrent Sentence: Prison terms for multiple offenses served simultaneously.

    Rights and Models

    • Due Process: Legal principle ensuring fair governmental action and protection of individual rights.
    • Crime Control Model: Emphasizes efficient apprehension and prosecution of criminals.
    • Due Process Model: Prioritizes individual rights throughout the justice process.

    Social Regulation and Study

    • Social Control: Society’s methods to regulate thoughts and behaviors of its members.
    • Criminology: Academic study focusing on crime, criminal behavior, and law enforcement practices.
    • Evidence-Based Practice: Strategies supported by empirical evidence demonstrating effective outcomes.
    • Multiculturalism: Acknowledgment and promotion of cultural diversity and equality in American society.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key terminology and concepts in crime and justice. This quiz covers various aspects of the criminal justice system, including individual rights, public safety, and social justice. It’s designed for those seeking to understand the fundamental principles guiding these areas.

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