A.P Gov Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is an example of a unitary government?

Great Britain before the American Revolution and France currently.

What article and section of the Constitution is the Privileges and Immunities Clause found in?

Article IV, Section 2.

What does the Privileges and Immunities Clause guarantee?

It guarantees that citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.

What does the 10th Amendment assert?

It asserts that powers not delegated to the national government or denied to the states are reserved to the states. Signup and view all the answers

What are reserved powers?

Powers given to the state government alone. Signup and view all the answers

What are concurrent powers?

Powers held jointly by the national and state governments. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a concurrent power?

The right for both the state and national government to tax, borrow money, establish courts, and enforce laws necessary to carry out these powers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Full Faith and Credit Clause?

A portion of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state that will be binding and enforceable in any other state. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland?

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the bank. Signup and view all the answers

What did Gibbons v. Ogden establish?

It reinforced the Commerce Clause, recognizing the federal government's right to regulate interstate commerce. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Commerce Clause?

Art. 1, Sec. 8 of the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with the Indians. Signup and view all the answers

What is dual federalism?

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Co.?

NLRB power was secured, and J&L was required to stop financial support for company unions. Signup and view all the answers

What is cooperative federalism?

The relationship between the national and state governments that began with the New Deal. Signup and view all the answers

What are categorical grants?

A grant for which Congress appropriates funds for a specific purpose. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Society's purpose?

To combat poverty and discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Great Society?

It altered the fragile federal and state balance of power that had been at the core of many older federal grant programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is New Federalism?

A federal/state relationship proposed by the Reagan administration during the 1980s, aimed at returning administrative powers to the state government. Signup and view all the answers

What is a block grant?

National laws that direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules or regulations but contain no federal funding. Signup and view all the answers

What is devolution?

The effort to slow the growth of the national government by returning many functions to the states. Signup and view all the answers

What are unfunded mandates?

Federal laws that require the states to do things without providing the money to do so. Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of unfunded mandates?

Clean air or water standards. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the No Child Left Behind Act?

To create higher educational standards, greater school accountability, to ensure that teachers are qualified, and to close the gap in student achievement. Signup and view all the answers

What is preemption?

A concept derived from the Constitution's Supremacy Clause that allows the national government to override or preempt state or local actions in certain areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Webster v. Reproductive Services?

It encouraged states to begin to enact new state restrictions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Government Structures and Clauses

Unitary Government Example: Great Britain before the American Revolution, France currently.
Privileges and Immunities Clause: Found in Article IV, Section 2 of the Constitution; ensures that citizens of each state have the same rights as those in other states.

Amendments and Powers

10th Amendment: Powers not granted to the national government or prohibited to states are reserved for the states.
Reserved Powers: Authority exclusive to state governments.
Concurrent Powers: Powers shared by both national and state governments, including taxation, borrowing money, establishing courts, and enforcing laws.

Key Constitutional Clauses and Court Cases

Full Faith and Credit Clause: Part of Article IV ensuring that judicial decisions and contracts in one state are enforceable in others.
McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme Court ruling that affirmed the national government's authority and the broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause, establishing expansive federal powers.
Gibbons v. Ogden: A landmark Supreme Court case reinforcing the Commerce Clause, which grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce.

Federalism Concepts

Commerce Clause: Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution; grants Congress the power to regulate commerce; broadly interpreted in cases like Gibbons v. Ogden but restricted in Lopez & Morrison.
Dual Federalism: Concept favoring clearly defined separate powers for national and state governments.
Cooperative Federalism: Evolved from the New Deal, emphasizes collaborative interactions between national and state governments.

Legislative Actions and Grants

Categorical Grants: Federal funds appropriated by Congress for specific purposes.
Block Grants: National laws directing state compliance with federal regulations without dedicated federal funding.
Unfunded Mandates: Federal requirements imposed on states without financial support; example includes clean air or water standards.

Great Society Initiatives: Aimed to combat poverty and discrimination while altering the federal-state power dynamic.
New Federalism: Proposed during the Reagan administration to return administrative power to states.
No Child Left Behind Act: Established to enhance educational standards, accountability, qualified teachers, and bridge the achievement gap.

Judicial Precedents and Changes

NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Co.: Secured the National Labor Relations Board's authority to enforce labor laws, reinforcing federal power.
Preemption: Derives from the supremacy clause allowing the federal government to override state actions in specific areas.
Webster v. Reproductive Services: A case prompting states to adopt new restrictions on reproductive rights.

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Dive into the key concepts of Chapter 3 in A.P. Government with these flashcards. Explore different types of government, the privileges and immunities clause, and specific articles and sections of the constitution. Perfect for quick study and review before exams.