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Questions and Answers
Passive membrane transport processes include ________.
Passive membrane transport processes include ________.
- The use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration
- Movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
- Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient (correct)
- Consumption of ATP
Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?
Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?
- Forms a lipid bilayer
- Molecular transport through the membrane (correct)
- Circulating antibody
- Oxygen transport
Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?
Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?
- It always prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium from crossing into the cell (correct)
- It encloses the cell contents
- It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition
- It is selectively permeable
Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?
Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?
Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________.
Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________.
A red blood cell placed in pure water would _________.
A red blood cell placed in pure water would _________.
Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?
Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?
The RNA that will be read by a ribosome during translation is ________.
The RNA that will be read by a ribosome during translation is ________.
Which of the following is a concept of cell theory?
Which of the following is a concept of cell theory?
Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.
Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.
Mitochondria ____________.
Mitochondria ____________.
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
Which of the following is not true of proteins?
Which of the following is not true of proteins?
Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?
Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?
The endomembrane system is ________.
The endomembrane system is ________.
Which of the following is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
Which of the following is true concerning feedback mechanisms?
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a salt that cannot cross the membrane, what could happen?
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a salt that cannot cross the membrane, what could happen?
Which of the following is the major positive ion outside the cell?
Which of the following is the major positive ion outside the cell?
In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ___________.
In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ___________.
Which of the following statements is true regarding an action potential?
Which of the following statements is true regarding an action potential?
Lysosomes ________.
Lysosomes ________.
DNA replication ________.
DNA replication ________.
If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________.
If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________.
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.
Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell.
Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell.
Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses using action potentials?
Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses using action potentials?
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?
Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?
Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?
A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ______.
A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ______.
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
Select the statement that is most correct regarding chemical bonds.
Select the statement that is most correct regarding chemical bonds.
An amphipathic molecule would be ______.
An amphipathic molecule would be ______.
Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding the cell cycle?
Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding the cell cycle?
Which of the following are survival needs of the body?
Which of the following are survival needs of the body?
In the maintenance of the cell resting membrane potential ________.
In the maintenance of the cell resting membrane potential ________.
A bond in which electrons are shared equally is called ______.
A bond in which electrons are shared equally is called ______.
A bond in which electrons are shared unequally is called ______.
A bond in which electrons are shared unequally is called ______.
A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved is called ______.
A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved is called ______.
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Study Notes
Passive Transport Processes
- Passive membrane transport involves movement of substances down their concentration gradient without energy consumption (ATP).
- Water movement is influenced by concentration, but does not move from low to high concentration against the gradient.
Plasma Membrane Functions
- Plasma membrane proteins facilitate molecular transport across the membrane.
- The plasma membrane serves as a site for cell-to-cell recognition and interaction.
- It is selectively permeable, allowing specific substances to enter or exit the cell.
Cell Junctions
- Cell junctions promote coordinated cell activity by binding cells into communities, including desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions.
- Peroxisomes are not a type of cell junction.
Solutions and Cell Behavior
- A red blood cell placed in pure water will swell and rupture due to osmotic pressure.
- In a hypertonic solution, cells lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell.
Biological Molecules
- Polysaccharides are long chains of simple sugars.
- The mRNA is the RNA type that ribosomes read during protein synthesis.
Cellular Processes
- Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life.
- Mitochondria are responsible for energy production within the cell.
- Carbohydrates and proteins are synthesized from their building blocks through dehydration synthesis.
Membrane Potential and Ions
- Membrane potential generation involves potassium and sodium ion diffusion through the cell membrane.
- Sodium is the major positive ion external to the cell, whereas potassium is more prevalent inside.
Feedback Mechanisms
- Positive feedback enhances processes, such as labor contractions, while negative feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis by preventing drastic changes in the body.
Organelles and Systems
- The endomembrane system encompasses organelles involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can pose risks to the cell if not properly regulated.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis ensures a stable internal environment maintained within specific limits.
- Essential survival needs of the body include nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen.
Chemical Bonds
- Nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal electron sharing, while polar covalent bonds indicate unequal sharing.
- Ionic bonds occur when electrons are completely transferred between atoms.
Cell Cycle
- Control of the cell cycle is crucial; failure at a restriction point may lead to rapid, uncontrolled cell division, resulting in cancer.
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