A&P Flashcards Test 1

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Questions and Answers

Passive membrane transport processes include ________.

The use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration

Movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient (correct)

Consumption of ATP

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

Forms a lipid bilayer

Molecular transport through the membrane (correct)

Circulating antibody

Oxygen transport

Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?

It always prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium from crossing into the cell (correct)

It encloses the cell contents

It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition

It is selectively permeable

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

The phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell Signup and view all the answers

Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________.

Peroxisomes Signup and view all the answers

A red blood cell placed in pure water would _________.

Swell and burst Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?

Polysaccharide Signup and view all the answers

The RNA that will be read by a ribosome during translation is ________.

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a concept of cell theory?

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.

A bicarbonate ion Signup and view all the answers

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

Enhancement of labor contractions. Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria ____________.

Produce the cell's energy. Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

Removal of a water molecule between each two units. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not true of proteins?

They appear to be the molecular carriers of the coded hereditary information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the generation of a membrane potential?

Both potassium and sodium ions can leak through the cell membrane due to diffusion. Signup and view all the answers

The endomembrane system is ________.

An interactive system of organelles whose membranes are physically or functionally connected. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true concerning feedback mechanisms?

Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. Signup and view all the answers

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a salt that cannot cross the membrane, what could happen?

The cells will lose water and shrink. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the major positive ion outside the cell?

Sodium. Signup and view all the answers

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ___________.

A high degree of unsaturated bonds. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding an action potential?

These all look to be correct Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes ________.

Contain digestive enzymes that are potentially dangerous to the cell Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication ________.

Takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle. Signup and view all the answers

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________.

Control center. Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.

Glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses using action potentials?

Na. Signup and view all the answers

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

A relatively stable internal environment, within limits. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?

To maintain homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?

Decay Signup and view all the answers

A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ______.

Acidic. Signup and view all the answers

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Select the statement that is most correct regarding chemical bonds.

Hydrogen bonds are very weak and often involve water. Signup and view all the answers

An amphipathic molecule would be ______.

Partially hydrophilic and partially hydrophobic. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding the cell cycle?

If the restriction point loses control, then cancer may result as the cell divides rapidly. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

In the maintenance of the cell resting membrane potential ________.

Extracellular sodium levels are high Signup and view all the answers

A bond in which electrons are shared equally is called ______.

Nonpolar covalent bond. Signup and view all the answers

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally is called ______.

Polar covalent bond. Signup and view all the answers

A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved is called ______.

Ionic bond. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Passive Transport Processes

Passive membrane transport involves movement of substances down their concentration gradient without energy consumption (ATP).
Water movement is influenced by concentration, but does not move from low to high concentration against the gradient.

Plasma Membrane Functions

Plasma membrane proteins facilitate molecular transport across the membrane.
The plasma membrane serves as a site for cell-to-cell recognition and interaction.
It is selectively permeable, allowing specific substances to enter or exit the cell.

Cell Junctions

Cell junctions promote coordinated cell activity by binding cells into communities, including desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions.
Peroxisomes are not a type of cell junction.

Solutions and Cell Behavior

A red blood cell placed in pure water will swell and rupture due to osmotic pressure.
In a hypertonic solution, cells lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell.

Biological Molecules

Polysaccharides are long chains of simple sugars.
The mRNA is the RNA type that ribosomes read during protein synthesis.

Cellular Processes

Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life.
Mitochondria are responsible for energy production within the cell.
Carbohydrates and proteins are synthesized from their building blocks through dehydration synthesis.

Membrane Potential and Ions

Membrane potential generation involves potassium and sodium ion diffusion through the cell membrane.
Sodium is the major positive ion external to the cell, whereas potassium is more prevalent inside.

Feedback Mechanisms

Positive feedback enhances processes, such as labor contractions, while negative feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis by preventing drastic changes in the body.

Organelles and Systems

The endomembrane system encompasses organelles involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that can pose risks to the cell if not properly regulated.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis ensures a stable internal environment maintained within specific limits.
Essential survival needs of the body include nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen.

Chemical Bonds

Nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal electron sharing, while polar covalent bonds indicate unequal sharing.
Ionic bonds occur when electrons are completely transferred between atoms.

Cell Cycle

Control of the cell cycle is crucial; failure at a restriction point may lead to rapid, uncontrolled cell division, resulting in cancer.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards focusing on the principles of passive membrane transport processes in Anatomy and Physiology. Each card presents a question or term related to this essential topic, helping to solidify your understanding of key concepts. Perfect for review and exam preparation!