AP Euro Chapter 26 Terms Flashcards
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AP Euro Chapter 26 Terms Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was the League of Nations?

  • A military coalition against Germany
  • An international organization founded in 1919 (correct)
  • An economic alliance
  • A cultural exchange program

    • What countries were part of the Little Entente?

  • Czechoslovakia (correct)
  • Romania (correct)
  • Italy
  • Yugoslavia (correct)

    • What was the Dawes Plan?

    A plan to revive the German economy through loans from the United States.

    What did the Treaty of Locarno guarantee?

    <p>Germany's new western borders with France and Belgium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Kellogg-Briand Pact allowed nations to pose the threat of war against one another.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Great Depression?

    <p>An economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Maynard Keynes?

    <p>An economist who advocated for massive government spending to help a collapsing economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the Popular Front?

    <p>To aid leftist forces in the Spanish Civil War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the New Deal?

    <p>Programs and policies for economic recovery and social reform introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the key principles of Mohandas Gandhi?

    <p>Non-violence, independence, and gender equity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is totalitarianism?

    <p>An extreme form of nondemocratic rule that seeks to transform society based on a certain ideology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Benito Mussolini?

    <p>Italian fascist dictator from 1883 to 1945.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Fascio de Combattimento?

    <p>Mussolini's group that laid the foundations for fascism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Squadristi known for?

    <p>Their brutality towards anyone perceived as a threat to Fascism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the Blackshirts?

    <p>Italy's elite storm troops organized by Mussolini.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Weimar Republic?

    <p>The new German republic established after World War I with economic reparations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Adolf Hitler?

    <p>German Nazi dictator during World War II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mein Kampf?

    <p>'My Struggle' by Hitler, outlining Nazi goals and ideology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Nazis?

    <p>A German political party emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Lebensraum refer to?

    <p>Hitler's expansionist theory to acquire 'living space' for the German people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Fuhrerprinzip?

    <p>The leadership principle requiring absolute loyalty to a single party leader.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Enabling Act?

    <p>A law that allowed Hitler to rule by decree for four years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Aryanism?

    <p>The Nazi notion of a 'perfect' person and belief in racial superiority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Hitler Jugend?

    <p>Hitler Youth, an organization indoctrinating young Germans into the Nazi Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Nuremberg Laws?

    <p>Laws that imposed severe restrictions on Jews in Nazi Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Kristallnacht?

    <p>The night of November 9, 1938, when mobs destroyed Jewish property in Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is War Communism?

    <p>The political idea of applying total war concepts to a civil conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Joseph Stalin?

    <p>The Russian leader who created a totalitarian state after Lenin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Five-Year Plans?

    <p>Plans introduced by Stalin to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Stakhanov Cult?

    <p>A movement stressing high achievement and sacrifice to build socialism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were collective farms?

    <p>Large farms without private ownership aimed at increasing agricultural output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Spanish Civil War?

    <p>A conflict from 1936 to 1939 that established Francisco Franco's dictatorship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Birth of a Nation'?

    <p>A controversial silent film that demonstrated film propaganda's power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Dopolavaro?

    <p>A national recreation agency created by Mussolini in Italy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'The Decline of the West'?

    <p>A novel by Oswald Spengler about Western Civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Married Love' refer to?

    <p>A work by Marie Stopes that emphasized sexual pleasure in marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is surrealism?

    <p>An artistic movement showcasing vivid dream worlds and unreal images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Bauhaus School?

    <p>A German school of architecture emphasizing modern design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is degenerate art?

    <p>Modern art that Hitler and the Nazis criticized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is socialist realism?

    <p>An artistic style promoting socialism through positive depictions of Soviet life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Carl Jung?

    <p>A neo-Freudian psychologist known for concepts like archetypes and collective unconscious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Ernest Rutherford?

    <p>A British physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    International Organizations and Agreements

    • League of Nations: Established in 1919 to foster global peace; weakened by U.S. non-participation; ineffective against 1930s aggression from Italy, Japan, and Germany.
    • Little Entente: Alliance between Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia aimed at countering Hungary; closely associated with France.
    • Dawes Plan: U.S. financial aid to Germany to revive its economy; facilitated reparations payments to England and France, creating a successful circular flow of money.
    • Treaty of Locarno: Secured Germany's western borders with France and Belgium, contributing to post-World War I stability.
    • Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 agreement where signatory nations renounced war as a tool of foreign policy.

    Economic Crises and Responses

    • Great Depression: Economic downturn starting with the 1929 stock market crash, lasting throughout the 1930s, leading to widespread unemployment and hardship.
    • John Maynard Keynes: Economist advocating for government intervention in the economy; emphasized public spending and private investment to combat economic slumps.
    • The New Deal: Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1930s programs aimed at economic recovery and social reform in the U.S.

    Political Movements and Ideologies

    • Popular Front: Coalition supporting leftist forces during the Spanish Civil War; included notable figures like Ernest Hemingway.
    • Totalitarianism: Authoritarian governance aiming to reshape society according to a specific ideology.
    • Fascism: Political movement led by figures like Benito Mussolini, characterized by strong nationalism and dictatorial power.

    Key Historical Figures

    • Mohandas Gandhi: Prominent Indian leader advocating for independence and social equity through non-violence.
    • Benito Mussolini: Italian fascist dictator, key figure in establishing totalitarian regimes in Europe.
    • Adolf Hitler: Nazi German dictator responsible for World War II and the Holocaust; promoted extreme nationalism and anti-Semitism.

    Nazi Policies and Actions

    • Mein Kampf: Hitler's autobiographical book outlining Nazi ideology and goals, emphasizing racial purity and nationalism.
    • Nuremberg Laws: Discriminatory laws limiting the rights of Jews in Germany; prohibited intermarriage and professional opportunities.
    • Kristallnacht: November 9, 1938, violent anti-Jewish pogrom resulting in widespread destruction of Jewish properties.

    Soviet Union and Communism

    • Joseph Stalin: Leader of the Soviet Union, known for establishing a totalitarian regime and implementing oppressive policies.
    • Five-Year Plans: Stalin’s ambitious industrialization initiatives beginning in 1928; aimed to increase production of essential goods through state enforcement.
    • Collective Farms: Large state-controlled agricultural operations intended to increase efficiency but ultimately led to famine.

    Cultural Movements and Arts

    • Surrealism: Artistic movement emphasizing dreamlike visuals and the exploration of the unconscious.
    • Bauhaus School: German architectural school merging art and functional design, popularizing modernist principles.
    • Degenerate Art: Term used by the Nazis to denigrate modern art, labeling it as "Jewish art" and promoting socialist realism instead.

    Social and Cultural Reform

    • Married Love: Concept promoted in England by Marie Stopes, focusing on the importance of sexual pleasure in marriage.
    • Stakhanov Cult: Encouraged productivity and sacrifice in the Soviet Union, based on the myth of a coal miner achieving great output.

    Notable Scientific Contributions

    • Ernest Rutherford: Pioneering British physicist recognized for discovering the atomic nucleus and formulating the nuclear model of the atom.
    • Carl Jung: Influential psychologist noted for his theories on collective unconsciousness and archetypes, enriching psychoanalytic thought beyond Freud.

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    Description

    Explore key terms from Chapter 26 of AP European History, including significant organizations and alliances from the post-World War I era. This quiz will help you understand the historical context and implications of these terms as you prepare for your exam.

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