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Questions and Answers
What was the League of Nations?
What was the League of Nations?
What countries were part of the Little Entente?
What countries were part of the Little Entente?
What was the Dawes Plan?
What was the Dawes Plan?
A plan to revive the German economy through loans from the United States.
What did the Treaty of Locarno guarantee?
What did the Treaty of Locarno guarantee?
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The Kellogg-Briand Pact allowed nations to pose the threat of war against one another.
The Kellogg-Briand Pact allowed nations to pose the threat of war against one another.
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What was the Great Depression?
What was the Great Depression?
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Who was John Maynard Keynes?
Who was John Maynard Keynes?
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What was the aim of the Popular Front?
What was the aim of the Popular Front?
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What was the New Deal?
What was the New Deal?
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What were the key principles of Mohandas Gandhi?
What were the key principles of Mohandas Gandhi?
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What is totalitarianism?
What is totalitarianism?
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Who was Benito Mussolini?
Who was Benito Mussolini?
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What was the Fascio de Combattimento?
What was the Fascio de Combattimento?
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What were the Squadristi known for?
What were the Squadristi known for?
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Who were the Blackshirts?
Who were the Blackshirts?
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What was the Weimar Republic?
What was the Weimar Republic?
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Who was Adolf Hitler?
Who was Adolf Hitler?
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What is Mein Kampf?
What is Mein Kampf?
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What were the Nazis?
What were the Nazis?
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What does Lebensraum refer to?
What does Lebensraum refer to?
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What is the Fuhrerprinzip?
What is the Fuhrerprinzip?
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What was the Enabling Act?
What was the Enabling Act?
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What was Aryanism?
What was Aryanism?
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What was the Hitler Jugend?
What was the Hitler Jugend?
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What were the Nuremberg Laws?
What were the Nuremberg Laws?
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What is Kristallnacht?
What is Kristallnacht?
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What is War Communism?
What is War Communism?
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Who was Joseph Stalin?
Who was Joseph Stalin?
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What were the Five-Year Plans?
What were the Five-Year Plans?
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What was the Stakhanov Cult?
What was the Stakhanov Cult?
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What were collective farms?
What were collective farms?
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What was the Spanish Civil War?
What was the Spanish Civil War?
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What is 'Birth of a Nation'?
What is 'Birth of a Nation'?
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What was Dopolavaro?
What was Dopolavaro?
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What is 'The Decline of the West'?
What is 'The Decline of the West'?
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What does 'Married Love' refer to?
What does 'Married Love' refer to?
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What is surrealism?
What is surrealism?
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What was the Bauhaus School?
What was the Bauhaus School?
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What is degenerate art?
What is degenerate art?
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What is socialist realism?
What is socialist realism?
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Who was Carl Jung?
Who was Carl Jung?
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Who was Ernest Rutherford?
Who was Ernest Rutherford?
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Study Notes
International Organizations and Agreements
- League of Nations: Established in 1919 to foster global peace; weakened by U.S. non-participation; ineffective against 1930s aggression from Italy, Japan, and Germany.
- Little Entente: Alliance between Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia aimed at countering Hungary; closely associated with France.
- Dawes Plan: U.S. financial aid to Germany to revive its economy; facilitated reparations payments to England and France, creating a successful circular flow of money.
- Treaty of Locarno: Secured Germany's western borders with France and Belgium, contributing to post-World War I stability.
- Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 agreement where signatory nations renounced war as a tool of foreign policy.
Economic Crises and Responses
- Great Depression: Economic downturn starting with the 1929 stock market crash, lasting throughout the 1930s, leading to widespread unemployment and hardship.
- John Maynard Keynes: Economist advocating for government intervention in the economy; emphasized public spending and private investment to combat economic slumps.
- The New Deal: Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1930s programs aimed at economic recovery and social reform in the U.S.
Political Movements and Ideologies
- Popular Front: Coalition supporting leftist forces during the Spanish Civil War; included notable figures like Ernest Hemingway.
- Totalitarianism: Authoritarian governance aiming to reshape society according to a specific ideology.
- Fascism: Political movement led by figures like Benito Mussolini, characterized by strong nationalism and dictatorial power.
Key Historical Figures
- Mohandas Gandhi: Prominent Indian leader advocating for independence and social equity through non-violence.
- Benito Mussolini: Italian fascist dictator, key figure in establishing totalitarian regimes in Europe.
- Adolf Hitler: Nazi German dictator responsible for World War II and the Holocaust; promoted extreme nationalism and anti-Semitism.
Nazi Policies and Actions
- Mein Kampf: Hitler's autobiographical book outlining Nazi ideology and goals, emphasizing racial purity and nationalism.
- Nuremberg Laws: Discriminatory laws limiting the rights of Jews in Germany; prohibited intermarriage and professional opportunities.
- Kristallnacht: November 9, 1938, violent anti-Jewish pogrom resulting in widespread destruction of Jewish properties.
Soviet Union and Communism
- Joseph Stalin: Leader of the Soviet Union, known for establishing a totalitarian regime and implementing oppressive policies.
- Five-Year Plans: Stalin’s ambitious industrialization initiatives beginning in 1928; aimed to increase production of essential goods through state enforcement.
- Collective Farms: Large state-controlled agricultural operations intended to increase efficiency but ultimately led to famine.
Cultural Movements and Arts
- Surrealism: Artistic movement emphasizing dreamlike visuals and the exploration of the unconscious.
- Bauhaus School: German architectural school merging art and functional design, popularizing modernist principles.
- Degenerate Art: Term used by the Nazis to denigrate modern art, labeling it as "Jewish art" and promoting socialist realism instead.
Social and Cultural Reform
- Married Love: Concept promoted in England by Marie Stopes, focusing on the importance of sexual pleasure in marriage.
- Stakhanov Cult: Encouraged productivity and sacrifice in the Soviet Union, based on the myth of a coal miner achieving great output.
Notable Scientific Contributions
- Ernest Rutherford: Pioneering British physicist recognized for discovering the atomic nucleus and formulating the nuclear model of the atom.
- Carl Jung: Influential psychologist noted for his theories on collective unconsciousness and archetypes, enriching psychoanalytic thought beyond Freud.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore key terms from Chapter 26 of AP European History, including significant organizations and alliances from the post-World War I era. This quiz will help you understand the historical context and implications of these terms as you prepare for your exam.