AP Chemistry Units 1-4 and Unit 6 Quizzes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following lists the samples in order of increasing number of moles in the sample?

NaCl < KBr < KCl

KCl < NaCl < KBr

NaCl < KCl < KBr

KBr < KCl < NaCl (correct)

In addition to Avogadro's number, which of the following must the student know to determine the number of molecules in a pure solid sample?

Molar mass of the compound (correct)

Density of the compound

Temperature of the sample

Volume of the sample

Which numerical expression gives the number of particles in 2.0g of Ne?

(2.0g/20.18 g/mole)(6.0x10^23 particles/mol)

The mass spectrum of the element Sb is most likely represented by which of the following?

Graph with amu lines at 121 and 123 Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the mass spectrum represented above?

Mo Signup and view all the answers

The peak at 26 amu in the mass spectrum represents an isotope of which element?

Mg with 14 neutrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula unit of each compound with different ionic compounds containing copper and chlorine?

What is the formula unit of each compound? Signup and view all the answers

Which sample has the higher purity based on percent by mass of chlorine?

Which sample has the higher purity? Signup and view all the answers

Which has the greater molar mass, X or Z?

Which has the greater molar mass? Signup and view all the answers

What information could be used to determine which mixture has the higher proportion of KCl?

The mass of Cl in each mixture Signup and view all the answers

Which columns provide all the information necessary to determine the mole ratio of Ca to Mg in the rock?

3, 4, 6, 7 Signup and view all the answers

What quantities are needed to determine if the sample is pure MgCl2?

The mass of Mg and the mass of Cl in the sample Signup and view all the answers

Which ground-state electron configuration represents the atom with the lowest first-ionization energy?

1s2-2s2-2p6-3s1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the ground-state electron configuration of the F− ion?

1s2-2s2-2p6 Signup and view all the answers

What represents the ground-state electron configuration for an atom of selenium?

1s2-2s2-2p6-3s2-3p6-4s2-3d10-4p4 Signup and view all the answers

Which electron configuration is consistent with the complete photoelectron spectrum?

1s2-2s2-2p6-3s2-3p3 Signup and view all the answers

What observation would provide evidence that the spectrum is consistent with the atomic model?

In its compounds, the element tends to form ions with a charge of +1. Signup and view all the answers

How is the photoelectron spectrum consistent with the electron shell model of the atom?

The electrons in the 2p sublevel have the smallest binding energy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Moles and Sample Masses

In comparing 1g samples of NaCl, KBr, and KCl, the order of increasing number of moles is KBr < KCl < NaCl.
To determine the number of molecules in a pure solid compound, knowledge of molar mass and mass of the sample is essential.
The calculation for the number of particles in 2.0g of Ne involves using the formula: (2.0g/20.18 g/mole) × (6.0 × 10^23 particles/mol).

Mass Spectrum Analysis

The mass spectrum of antimony (Sb) shows peaks at atomic mass units (amu) 121 and 123.
Molybdenum (Mo) is identified as having a mass spectrum aligning with these amu values.
The presence of a peak at 26 amu in a mass spectrum indicates an isotope of magnesium (Mg) with 14 neutrons.

Ionic Compound Analysis

An elemental analysis of two copper-chlorine ionic compounds can help determine their formula units based on differences observed.
Measuring the percent by mass of chlorine in two NaCl samples helps identify which has higher purity if KCl is the only contaminant.
Comparing the mass of residues after heating two unknown alkali metal chlorates allows determination of which compound has a greater molar mass between X and Z.

Mixtures and Composition

Analysis of two 10g mixtures of NaCl and KCl can determine which has a higher proportion of KCl by assessing the mass of Cl in each.
The mole ratio of calcium to magnesium in a mixed carbonate rock is derived from specific columns in a lab analysis table (3, 4, 6, 7).
For assessing purity in a 5.0g sample of MgCl2, knowledge of both the mass of Mg and the mass of Cl is crucial.

Electron Configurations

The lowest first-ionization energy corresponds to the ground-state electron configuration of 1s²-2s²-2p⁶-3s¹.
The electron configuration of the F⁻ ion is represented as 1s²-2s²-2p⁶.
Selenium's ground-state electron configuration is illustrated as 1s²-2s²-2p⁶-3s²-3p⁶-4s²-3d¹⁰-4p⁴.

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

An element's complete photoelectron spectrum can be consistent with the electron configuration of 1s²-2s²-2p⁶-3s²-3p³.
If an element tends to form ions with a +1 charge, this provides evidence that its spectrum aligns with known atomic models.
In the case of nitrogen, its photoelectron spectrum demonstrates that electrons in the 2p sublevel have the lowest binding energy.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts in AP Chemistry with these quizzes covering Units 1-4 and Unit 6. Each question dives into core ideas, such as molar relationships and the properties of compounds. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding and exam preparation.