A&P Chapter 6,7,8 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are perforating fibers also known as?

Osteoblasts

Collagen fibers

Sharpey's fibers (correct)

Calcified fibers

What is bone remodeling?

The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.

What characterizes a Potts fracture?

The distal end of the fibula is fractured with serious injury to the distal tibial articulation.

What is bone resorption?

The removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts. Signup and view all the answers

What is rickets?

A condition caused by inadequate calcification of the extracellular bone matrix due to Vitamin D deficiency in children. Signup and view all the answers

What defines a fracture?

Any break in a bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoarthritis?

The degeneration of articular cartilage resulting in friction of bone against bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Colles fracture?

A fracture of the distal end of the radius with posterior displacement of the distal fragment. Signup and view all the answers

What is osteomalacia?

The adult form of rickets; bone fractures can result from minor trauma. Signup and view all the answers

What is a comminuted fracture?

A fracture where the bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces. Signup and view all the answers

What is a simple fracture?

A broken bone that does not break the skin. Signup and view all the answers

The _ and __ enter the epiphyses of long bones.

epiphyseal arteries, epiphyseal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is a bony callus?

The conversion of a fibrocartilaginous callus to spongy bone by osteogenic cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is a secondary ossification center?

Forms when branches of the epiphyseal artery enter the epiphyses causing spongy bone to form. Signup and view all the answers

In endochondral ossification, _______ is growth of a bone from within the cartilage model.

interstitial growth Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoporosis?

A condition of porous bones where bone resorption outpaces bone deposition. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a greenstick fracture?

One side of the bone is broken and the other side bends. Signup and view all the answers

What is ossification?

The process by which bone forms. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fibrocartilaginous callus?

A mass of repair tissue consisting of collagen fibers and cartilage that bridge the broken ends of a bone. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during demineralization?

The loss of calcium and other minerals from the bone extracellular matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an impacted fracture?

One end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other end. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parathyroid hormone?

It increases blood calcium ion levels and promotes absorption of calcium from food. Signup and view all the answers

What is bone deposition?

The addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts. Signup and view all the answers

What is intramembranous ossification?

The process where bone forms directly within mesenchyme resembling membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fracture hematoma?

A mass of blood which leaks from torn blood vessels crossing the fracture line. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Anatomy and Physiology

Perforating Fibers (Sharpey's Fibers): Thick collagen bundles that connect the periosteum to the extracellular bone matrix.
Bone Remodeling: Continuous process involving the replacement of old bone with new tissue, crucial for maintaining bone health.

Types of Fractures

Potts Fracture: Fracture at the distal end of the fibula with significant injury to the ankle joint.
Colles Fracture: Distal radius fracture with posterior displacement of the end fragment.
Comminuted Fracture: Bone is smashed into several pieces or crushed.
Simple (Closed) Fracture: The broken bone does not penetrate the skin.
Greenstick Fracture: Incomplete fracture predominantly seen in children; one side of the bone breaks while the opposite bends.
Impacted Fracture: One segment of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the other.

Bone Health Conditions

Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency leading to inadequate bone mineralization in children, causing soft, deformed bones.
Osteomalacia: Adult version of rickets characterized by soft bones that may fracture easily.
Osteoporosis: Condition resulting in porous bones, where bone resorption exceeds deposition, often due to calcium loss with aging.
Osteoarthritis: Degeneration of articular cartilage, leading to painful bone-on-bone friction.

Bone Metabolism

Bone Resorption: Process of minerals and collagen removal from bone by osteoclasts.
Bone Deposition: Addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts.
Demineralization: Loss of calcium and minerals in the bone matrix, typically associated with aging.

Bone Repair and Formation

Fibrocartilaginous Callus: Repair tissue formed bridging the broken ends of bone, consisting of collagen fibers and cartilage.
Bony Callus: Transformation of fibrous tissue into spongy bone following a fracture.
Secondary Ossification Center: Formation of spongy bone in the epiphysis without a medullary cavity, caused by the entry of epiphyseal arteries.
Intramembranous Ossification: Bone formation that occurs directly within mesenchymal tissue resembling membranes.
Interstitial Growth: Growth of bone from within the cartilage model, contributing to lengthening.

Vascular Supply to Bones

Epiphyseal Arteries: Arteries that supply blood to the epiphyses of long bones, providing red marrow and bone tissue nourishment.

Hormonal Regulation of Bone

Parathyroid Hormone: Hormone that increases blood calcium levels by reducing urinary calcium loss and enhancing dietary absorption through calcitriol.

Key Terms

Ossification (Osteogenesis): The process through which bone tissue is formed.
Fracture Hematoma: A blood mass that forms at the fracture site due to disrupted blood vessels.

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Explore essential terms related to Anatomy and Physiology in Chapters 6, 7, and 8. This quiz features key concepts like bone remodeling and various types of fractures, helping to solidify your understanding of the skeletal system. Perfect for students seeking to enhance their knowledge in A&P.