Questions and Answers
What are perforating fibers also known as?
What is bone remodeling?
The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.
What characterizes a Potts fracture?
The distal end of the fibula is fractured with serious injury to the distal tibial articulation.
What is bone resorption?
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What is rickets?
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What defines a fracture?
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What is osteoarthritis?
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What is a Colles fracture?
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What is osteomalacia?
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What is a comminuted fracture?
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What is a simple fracture?
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The _______ and ________ enter the epiphyses of long bones.
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What is a bony callus?
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What is a secondary ossification center?
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In endochondral ossification, _______ is growth of a bone from within the cartilage model.
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What is osteoporosis?
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What characterizes a greenstick fracture?
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What is ossification?
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What is a fibrocartilaginous callus?
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What occurs during demineralization?
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What defines an impacted fracture?
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What is the role of parathyroid hormone?
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What is bone deposition?
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What is intramembranous ossification?
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What is a fracture hematoma?
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Study Notes
Bone Anatomy and Physiology
- Perforating Fibers (Sharpey's Fibers): Thick collagen bundles that connect the periosteum to the extracellular bone matrix.
- Bone Remodeling: Continuous process involving the replacement of old bone with new tissue, crucial for maintaining bone health.
Types of Fractures
- Potts Fracture: Fracture at the distal end of the fibula with significant injury to the ankle joint.
- Colles Fracture: Distal radius fracture with posterior displacement of the end fragment.
- Comminuted Fracture: Bone is smashed into several pieces or crushed.
- Simple (Closed) Fracture: The broken bone does not penetrate the skin.
- Greenstick Fracture: Incomplete fracture predominantly seen in children; one side of the bone breaks while the opposite bends.
- Impacted Fracture: One segment of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the other.
Bone Health Conditions
- Rickets: Vitamin D deficiency leading to inadequate bone mineralization in children, causing soft, deformed bones.
- Osteomalacia: Adult version of rickets characterized by soft bones that may fracture easily.
- Osteoporosis: Condition resulting in porous bones, where bone resorption exceeds deposition, often due to calcium loss with aging.
- Osteoarthritis: Degeneration of articular cartilage, leading to painful bone-on-bone friction.
Bone Metabolism
- Bone Resorption: Process of minerals and collagen removal from bone by osteoclasts.
- Bone Deposition: Addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts.
- Demineralization: Loss of calcium and minerals in the bone matrix, typically associated with aging.
Bone Repair and Formation
- Fibrocartilaginous Callus: Repair tissue formed bridging the broken ends of bone, consisting of collagen fibers and cartilage.
- Bony Callus: Transformation of fibrous tissue into spongy bone following a fracture.
- Secondary Ossification Center: Formation of spongy bone in the epiphysis without a medullary cavity, caused by the entry of epiphyseal arteries.
- Intramembranous Ossification: Bone formation that occurs directly within mesenchymal tissue resembling membranes.
- Interstitial Growth: Growth of bone from within the cartilage model, contributing to lengthening.
Vascular Supply to Bones
- Epiphyseal Arteries: Arteries that supply blood to the epiphyses of long bones, providing red marrow and bone tissue nourishment.
Hormonal Regulation of Bone
- Parathyroid Hormone: Hormone that increases blood calcium levels by reducing urinary calcium loss and enhancing dietary absorption through calcitriol.
Key Terms
- Ossification (Osteogenesis): The process through which bone tissue is formed.
- Fracture Hematoma: A blood mass that forms at the fracture site due to disrupted blood vessels.
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Description
Explore essential terms related to Anatomy and Physiology in Chapters 6, 7, and 8. This quiz features key concepts like bone remodeling and various types of fractures, helping to solidify your understanding of the skeletal system. Perfect for students seeking to enhance their knowledge in A&P.