A&P Chapter 4 Homework Flashcards
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Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n) ________.

tissue

Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium?

  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
  • Golgi bodies (correct)
  • Nucleus

    • Which of the following is true about epithelia?

  • Epithelia have a basement membrane.
  • Epithelia always have multiple layers.
  • All epithelia are stratified.
  • Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs. (correct)

    • Which of the following is not correctly matched?

    <p>Skin: absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How could John, a 72-year-old grandfather, who smoked heavily for years, have carbon particles in his lung tissue despite natural cleaning mechanisms?

    <p>Chemicals from the cigarettes inhibited the cilia in the respiratory tract from propelling the mucus and particles up and out the lungs, resulting in an accumulation of particles in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified ________.

    <p>functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissue ________.

    <p>has a basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes?

    <p>Simple squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat keratinized cells at its surface would be classified as ________.

    <p>stratified squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature characterizes simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract?

    <p>dense microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?

    <p>simple columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands?

    <p>Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement regarding epithelia.

    <p>Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sweat glands are apocrine glands.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelia: found in areas that stretch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exocrine glands:

    <p>secrete substances onto body surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a mucous cell?

    <p>A unicellular exocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

    <p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An epithelial membrane ________.

    <p>contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following increases the surface area of certain epithelial tissues?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a holocrine gland?

    <p>Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is transitional epithelium found?

    <p>In areas subjected to stretching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In connective tissue, the role of collagen fibers is to:

    <p>provide tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium lines the interior of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

    <p>epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gland produces hormones?

    <p>endocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why?

    <p>Macrophages phagocytose many foreign materials, as well as cell debris and dead cells. This cleans the wound, allowing granulation tissue to form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chondroblasts ________.

    <p>within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone?

    <p>Blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is not considered connective tissue?

    <p>Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement regarding the cells of connective tissue.

    <p>'Blast' cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels?

    <p>osseous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main components of connective tissue?

    <p>ground substance, fibers, and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue?

    <p>Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength to absorb shock is because they possess ________.

    <p>collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue.

    <p>Its primary function is nutrient storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________.

    <p>collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________.

    <p>elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in ________ connective tissue.

    <p>embryonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is correctly matched?

    <p>Blood: erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a role of connective tissue?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______________ are highly phagocytic cells that are a part of the body's defense system. These cells can be localized (fixed), or they can wander throughout the body.

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______________ is the tissue that regulates and controls body functions.

    <p>Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is:

    <p>inflammation, organization, and regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All epithelia have an apical surface and a basal surface.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane is also an organ system?

    <p>Cutaneous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following statements refer to events of tissue repair. Put the events in proper numbered order according to the sequence of occurrence. The initial event, the injury, is already indicated as number one.

    <p>1,4,3,7,6,5,2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair.

    <p>Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does an open wound need a bed of granulation tissue for wound healing to occur?

    <p>Granulation tissue forms new capillary beds that provide oxygen-rich blood for the healing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 6-year-old child fell off his bike and scraped his knee. What is the first stage of wound healing, and what occurs during this stage?

    <p>Inflammatory stage, characterized by dilation and increased permeability of capillaries, movement of white blood cells and plasma into the area, clot formation, and removal of foreign material and cell debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the local clinical signs and symptoms of the inflammatory stage of wound healing?

    <p>pain, swelling, redness, and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue repair process results in the formation of scar tissue?

    <p>fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pseudostratified epithelium consists of multiple cell layers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissues have no functional regenerative capacity?

    <p>cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Tissue Basics

    • Tissues are organized groups of cells and intercellular substances with a common function.
    • Four primary tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Epithelial tissue has a basement membrane and exhibits polarity (free surface and basal surface).
    • Simple squamous epithelium serves as the lining of serous membranes and provides a slick surface in cardiovascular organs (endothelium).
    • Stratified squamous epithelium is characterized by cuboidal basal cells and flat keratinized surface cells.
    • Transitional epithelium is found in areas that require stretching, like the urinary bladder.
    • Simple columnar epithelium is equipped with dense microvilli, enhancing nutrient absorption.

    Exocrine and Endocrine Glands

    • Exocrine glands secrete substances onto surfaces (e.g., sweat glands) through ducts.
    • Endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
    • Classification of multicellular exocrine glands includes merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine types.

    Connective Tissue

    • Connective tissues provide binding, support, insulation, and protection of organs.
    • Components include ground substance, fibers (collagen for tensile strength), and cells.
    • Chondroblasts in cartilage divide and secrete new matrix; fibrocartilage allows for shock absorption.
    • Blood is categorized as a type of connective tissue.

    Healing and Repair Processes

    • Tissue repair involves an inflammatory stage (dilation of capillaries, white blood cell migration), followed by organization, granulation tissue formation, and regeneration.
    • Scar tissue formation is indicative of fibrosis.
    • Macrophages play a crucial role in cleaning debris from wounds, facilitating healing.

    Characteristics of Specific Tissues

    • Squamous cells are flattened in their mature form.
    • Classifications of glandular epithelial cells include mucous cells as unicellular exocrine glands.
    • Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues and are significant in body's defense mechanisms.

    Functionality of Various Tissues

    • Most epithelial tissues have a regenerative capacity, while cardiac muscle and some nervous tissues lack this ability.
    • The presence of microvilli on certain epithelial tissues increases surface area for absorption.
    • Identifying the right type of epithelium is essential for understanding its specific role in the body.

    Additional Notes

    • Tissues' specific structures correlate directly to their functions (e.g., ciliated epithelium aids in movement of mucus).
    • The sequence of events in tissue repair is vital for understanding healing timelines and processes.

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    Test your knowledge of Chapter 4 in Anatomy & Physiology with these flashcards. This quiz covers important concepts such as tissue organization, glandular epithelium, and the characteristics of epithelia. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding and preparation for exams.

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