Anatomy & Physiology Quiz: Anatomical Directions

Questions and Answers

What is the role of the effector in homeostatic regulation?

to respond to the output of the control center

In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the neck is the?

cervicis

In which quadrant (of the body/thorax) would you find the liver?

right upper quadrant

Anatomy is the study of _, and physiology is the study of _.

structure; function Signup and view all the answers

Systemic anatomy considers the structure of major _, whereas surface anatomy refers to the study of _.

organ systems; superficial markings Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart?

visceral pericardium Signup and view all the answers

The specialized study that analyzes the structure of individual cells is called?

cytology Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientist who studies effects of diseases on organs or system functions called?

pathophysiologist Signup and view all the answers

What are the smallest living units in the body?

cells Signup and view all the answers

The level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the _____?

organism Signup and view all the answers

What are the two regulatory systems in the human body?

nervous and endocrine systems Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis refer to?

the existence of a stable internal environment Signup and view all the answers

The mechanism by which a stimulus outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or negates the stimulus is called?

negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

The mechanism by which the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus is most specifically called?

positive feedback Signup and view all the answers

When a person is lying face up in anatomical position, the individual is said to be?

supine Signup and view all the answers

Moving along the surface of the skin from the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a ______ direction?

proximal Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

all specific functions are performed by specific structures Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you make a sagittal section?

results in separation of right and left portions of the body Signup and view all the answers

A plane that is cut parallel to the midsagittal plane is a ____?

parasagittal section Signup and view all the answers

The two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity are the _____?

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities Signup and view all the answers

The subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity are the _____.

pleural and pericardial cavities Signup and view all the answers

The heart and the lungs are located in the _____ cavity?

thoracic Signup and view all the answers

The ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the _____?

diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the term for the study of disease?

pathology Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the homeostatic regulation mechanism in which a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities without input from the nervous or endocrine system in response to an environmental change?

auto regulation Signup and view all the answers

The state in which opposing processes or forces are in balance is called _____?

equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

Beginning with chemicals and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is _____?

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism Signup and view all the answers

Damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire system. This supports the view that _____?

each level is dependent on the others Signup and view all the answers

A person in anatomical position is standing erect, feet facing forward and _____?

arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside Signup and view all the answers

Which of the choices contains the sequence of anatomical directions equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, inferior?

anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal Signup and view all the answers

The thoracic cavity is _____ to the abdominopelvic cavity.

superior Signup and view all the answers

The skin is _____ to the muscles.

superficial Signup and view all the answers

From the organ systems listed below, select the correct sequence of organs found in each of the systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary).

heart, liver, pituitary gland, kidneys, skin Signup and view all the answers

In a homeostatic system, the mechanism that is represented by the example of blood clotting is _____?

positive feedback Signup and view all the answers

The heart is _____ to the arms.

medial Signup and view all the answers

If the temperature of the body climbs above 37 degrees Celsius, negative feedback is triggered by _____?

increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating Signup and view all the answers

The term medial surface refers to the area _____?

close to the long axis of the body Signup and view all the answers

Histology is the study of _____?

tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system contains bones, ligaments, cartilage, and bone marrow?

skeletal system Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the body is known as the femoral region?

thigh Signup and view all the answers

In complex organisms such as human beings, cells unite to form _____?

tissues Signup and view all the answers

In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the _____?

brachium Signup and view all the answers

The organ system responsible for internal distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the?

cardiovascular system Signup and view all the answers

The anatomical term for the calf is?

sura or sural Signup and view all the answers

The spinal cord is _____ to the esophagus?

posterior Signup and view all the answers

Heat production is a major function of the _____ system?

muscular Signup and view all the answers

The knee is proximal to the?

foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for the antebrachium?

forearm Signup and view all the answers

In which body cavity are the female reproductive organs located?

pelvic cavity Signup and view all the answers

The stomach is located in the _____ cavity?

abdominal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Homeostasis and Regulation

Effectors respond to signals from the control center to maintain homeostatic balance.
Homeostasis refers to a stable internal environment maintained by various physiological processes.
The two major regulatory systems in the human body are the nervous and endocrine systems.

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy studies structure, while physiology examines function.
Systemic anatomy focuses on organ systems; surface anatomy studies external features.
Cytology analyzes individual cells, whereas histology investigates tissue structures.

Body Cavities and Sections

The thoracic cavity is superior to the abdominopelvic cavity and subdivided into pleural and pericardial cavities.
The heart and lungs are located within the thoracic cavity.
The ventral body cavity is divided by the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Sagittal sections divide the body into right and left portions; parasagittal sections run parallel to the midsagittal plane.

Anatomical Terms and Relationships

Supine refers to lying face up; anatomical position includes standing erect with feet forward, arms at sides, and palms facing forward.
Proximal movement is towards the trunk of the body; distal refers to movement away from it.
Medial surfaces are close to the body's midline, whereas lateral surfaces are farther from it.

Feedback Mechanisms

Negative feedback counteracts change and promotes stability; an example includes temperature regulation.
Positive feedback amplifies a process, as seen in blood clotting mechanisms.

Body Regions and Systems

The right upper quadrant of the abdomen contains the liver.
The femoral region refers to the thigh; the anatomical term for the calf is sura.
The cardiovascular system is responsible for distributing oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

Levels of Organization

Biological organization progresses from chemicals to cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally to the organism.
Each level of organization is interdependent; damage at one level can affect the entire system.

Common Anatomical Terms

Brachium refers to the arm; the term for the forearm is antebrachium.
The stomach is located in the abdominal cavity, while the pelvic cavity houses female reproductive organs.

Directional Terms

Anterior and ventral are synonymous; posterior aligns with dorsal.
Superior indicates above, while inferior denotes below; cephalic refers to the head and caudal to the tail or feet.

Key Organ Systems

The skeletal system includes bones, ligaments, and cartilage.
Heat production is primarily a function of the muscular system.
Cells group to form tissues in complex organisms, underscoring the relationship between structure and function.

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Description

Test your knowledge of human anatomy and its functions with this practice quiz based on Chapter 1 of Anatomy & Physiology. This quiz covers key concepts related to homeostasis, anatomical terms, and body organization. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of foundational topics in A&P.

A&P Chapter 1 Practice Test