A&P Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is anatomy?

The study of the structure of the human body.

What is physiology?

The study of the function of the human body.

Which of the following are levels of organization in the human body? (Select all that apply)

Atom (correct)

Subatomic particles (correct)

Species

Organ system (correct)

What are subatomic particles?

Electrons, protons, and neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of an atom.

Hydrogen atom, lithium atom. Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

A chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms bonded together. Signup and view all the answers

What is a macromolecule?

Protein molecule, DNA molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What are organelles?

Mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a tissue?

Epithelia, connective, muscle, and nerve. Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of an organ.

Skin, femur, heart, kidney. Signup and view all the answers

What is an organ system?

Skeletal system, digestive system. Signup and view all the answers

Define organism in biological terms.

The human. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are organ systems in the human body? (Select all that apply)

Respiratory Signup and view all the answers

What are the five environmental factors on which life depends?

Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is metabolism?

All of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are characteristics of life? (Select all that apply)

Growth Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining a stable internal environment. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the functions of receptors in homeostatic control mechanisms.

It provides information about the stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Superior = Part is above another part Inferior = Below another part Anterior = Toward the front Posterior = Toward the back Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'axial' refer to?

Head, neck, and trunk. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'appendicular' refer to?

The upper and lower limbs. Signup and view all the answers

Define the thoracic cavity.

Contains the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Signup and view all the answers

Explain what the visceral layer does.

Covers an organ. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy studies the structure of the human body, while physiology focuses on its functions.

Levels of Organization

Hierarchical order comprises subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and entire organisms.

Subatomic Particles

Fundamental components include electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Types of Molecules

Examples of molecules include water and glucose.

Macromolecules

Large molecules such as proteins and DNA serve vital roles in biological processes.

Cells and Tissues

Muscles cells and nerve cells represent unique cellular structures; tissues include epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous types.

Organs and Organ Systems

Examples of organs are the heart, kidney, and skin; organ systems range from skeletal to reproductive systems.

Organ Systems

Total of 11 organ systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment, supported by feedback mechanisms.

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

Involves three parts: receptors (detect stimuli), control center (set point), and effectors (trigger responses).

Feedback Mechanisms

Negative feedback regulates bodily functions (e.g., temperature, blood pressure), whereas positive feedback amplifies responses during specific events (e.g., childbirth).

Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical position aligns the body upright, facing forward with arms at the sides.

Body Cavities

Major cavities include cranial (houses the brain), vertebral (contains the spinal cord), thoracic (holds lungs and heart), abdominal (encloses digestive organs), and pelvic cavities (houses reproductive organs).

Membranes

Serous membranes line and protect body cavities and organs; categories include visceral (covers organs) and parietal (lines cavities).

Anatomical Directions

Terms like superior (above), inferior (below), anterior (front), posterior (back), medial (toward the midline), and lateral (away from midline) define positions.

Regional Terms

Specific regions identified include abdominal (abdomen), acromial (shoulder), antebrachial (forearm), and many others representing different body parts.

Characteristics of Life

Eleven characteristics signify life: movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, and excretion.

Environmental Needs

Life depends on five environmental factors: water, food, oxygen, heat, and pressure.

Importance of Water

Water is essential for metabolic processes and substance transport within the body.

Metabolism

Metabolic processes refer to all chemical reactions that sustain life.

Pressure Importance

Atmospheric pressure is critical for breathing; hydrostatic pressure keeps blood circulation active.

Anatomical Planes

Body can be divided using sagittal (right/left), transverse (superior/inferior), frontal (anterior/posterior), and mid-sagittal (equal halves) planes.

This study guide highlights the essence of key concepts within human anatomy and physiology, crucial for a foundational understanding of biological sciences.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 1 of Anatomy and Physiology. The terms include anatomy, physiology, and levels of organization, among others. Ideal for students wanting to solidify their understanding of human body structure and function.