A.P. Biology Reading Quiz 7.4 & 7.5

Study Notes

Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthesis

FMN, ubiquinone, cytochrome c1, and oxygen are involved in electron transport. Ubiquinone receives electrons from NADH.
Chemiosmosis is defined as the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane, critical for ATP production.

ATP Synthase Functionality

ATP synthase (F1F0 ATP synthase) is a membrane-embedded protein complex that synthesizes ATP by adding phosphate to ADP using energy from protons diffusing through it.

Role of Prosthetic Groups

Prosthetic groups (or cofactors) are molecules that bind to proteins and aid in their functionality, contributing to enzymatic reactions or structural stability.

Ubiquinone in Cellular Respiration

Ubiquinone acts as a soluble electron transporter within the electron transport chain, linking the first or second complex to the third.

Fermentation Types

Lactic acid fermentation is the method that can occur in animal skeletal muscles, distinguishing it from other fermentation types like alcohol and mixed acid fermentation.

Fermentation Versus Anaerobic Respiration

Fermentation primarily relies on glycolysis, while anaerobic respiration utilizes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport with an alternative final electron acceptor, differentiating it from fermentation which does not involve these mitochondrial processes.

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Anaerobic cellular respiration allows organisms to convert energy in the absence of oxygen, enabling survival in low oxygen environments.

Definition of Fermentation

Fermentation is a process that regenerates NAD+ using either organic or inorganic compounds as final electron acceptors, occurring when oxygen is not present.

Description

Test your understanding of key concepts from A.P. Biology chapters 7.4 and 7.5. This quiz covers important definitions and processes related to cellular respiration and electron transport. Challenge yourself with flashcards to enhance your learning experience.