Questions and Answers
What is the test referred to as in Card 1?
DNA/Biochemistry Test
On which macromolecules does pepsin act?
Why does the egg white turn from clear to white when you fry an egg?
What is the chemical basis for margarine becoming solid?
Signup and view all the answers
Given that lactose is a carbohydrate, what can be said about true milk allergies?
Signup and view all the answers
How does shivering relate to ATP hydrolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What role is oxygen playing in the process of hemoglobin binding to oxygen?
Signup and view all the answers
To overcome a competitive inhibitor in your reaction, what should you do?
Signup and view all the answers
In your skiing scenario, the hill is analogous to what?
Signup and view all the answers
In noncompetitive inhibitor enzyme inhibition, what does the antibiotic bind to?
Signup and view all the answers
Nucleic acids are created with what type of bonds?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Digestive Enzymes and Proteins
- Pepsin, a digestive enzyme, operates in the acidic stomach environment to break down peptide bonds specifically in proteins.
Egg Protein Denaturation
- Frying an egg causes the clear egg white (albumin) to turn white due to denaturation, where heat alters the protein's structure.
Margarine Production
- Hydrogenation of vegetable oils transforms unsaturated fats into saturated fats, which solidifies margarine, giving it a butter-like consistency.
Lactose Intolerance vs. Milk Allergy
- People with lactose intolerance can typically consume cheese and yogurt, but those with a true milk allergy must avoid all milk products. Lactose is a carbohydrate, not a protein, and does not cause allergic reactions.
Muscle Contraction and ATP Hydrolysis
- Shivering, a response to cold, involves muscle contractions that require ATP hydrolysis, converting energy into heat to raise body temperature.
Hemoglobin and Oxygen Affinity
- Hemoglobin, a tetrameric protein, shows increased oxygen affinity for its remaining subunits when one O2 molecule binds, indicating oxygen acts as an allosteric activator.
Overcoming Competitive Inhibition
- In experiments with competitive inhibition, increasing the concentration of the correct substrate can effectively overcome the inhibitor's effects.
Activation Energy Analogy
- When skiing uphill before going downhill, the incline represents activation energy, which is the energy required to initiate a reaction or movement.
Non-Competitive Inhibition by Antibiotics
- A noncompetitive inhibitor antibiotic functions by binding to the enzyme itself, altering its shape and reducing its activity, regardless of substrate concentration.
Formation of Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are constructed using phosphodiester bonds, which link nucleotides together.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Prepare for your AP Biology exam with this comprehensive quiz focusing on DNA biochemistry and enzyme function. Each question tests your understanding of macromolecules and their interactions within biological systems. Brush up on essential concepts to enhance your performance on the exam!
