Questions and Answers
What is evolution?
What are the 7 characteristics of life that define all living things?
Order, growth & development, reproduction, evolutionary adaptation, regulation, response to environment, energy processing
What does Biological Hierarchy consist of?
Biosphere, Ecosystem, Communities, Population, Organisms, Organs, Tissues, Cells, Organelles, Molecules
What is biology?
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What are emergent properties?
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What is the goal of systems biology?
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What is a eukaryotic cell?
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What is a prokaryotic cell?
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What does DNA stand for?
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What are genes?
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What is a genome?
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What is positive feedback?
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What is negative feedback?
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What is inquiry?
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What is discovery science?
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What is data?
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What is inductive reasoning?
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What is a hypothesis?
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What is deductive reasoning?
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What is a controlled experiment?
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What is a theory?
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What are models in science?
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What is technology in the context of science?
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What is an element?
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What is a compound?
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What are trace elements?
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What are neutrons, protons, and electrons?
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What is an atomic nucleus?
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What is a dalton?
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What is atomic number?
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What is mass number?
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What is atomic mass?
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What is a radioactive isotope?
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What is energy?
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What is potential energy?
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What are valence electrons?
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What is a valence shell?
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What is an orbital?
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What is a covalent bond?
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What is a molecule?
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What does a single bond represent?
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What is a structural formula?
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Study Notes
Evolution
- A transformative process that shapes life on Earth, leading to the diversity of organisms present today.
7 Characteristics of Life
- Order: Structured complexity in living organisms.
- Growth & Development: Changes in size and function over an organism's life.
- Reproduction: Capability of organisms to produce offspring.
- Evolutionary Adaptation: Traits that enhance survival and reproduction over generations.
- Regulation: Mechanisms to maintain stable internal conditions.
- Response to Environment: Ability to react to external stimuli.
- Energy Processing: Conversion of energy to maintain metabolic functions.
Biological Hierarchy
- Includes levels from the biosphere to molecules, illustrating organization in life: Biosphere --> Ecosystem --> Communities --> Populations --> Organisms --> Organs --> Tissues --> Cells --> Organelles --> Molecules.
Biology
- The scientific study focused on understanding life and living organisms.
Emergent Properties
- Traits that emerge when parts interact at higher organizational levels, resulting in complexity.
Systems Biology
- Seeks to create models for understanding dynamic biological system behavior.
Eukaryotic Cell
- Characterized by membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.
Prokaryotic Cell
- Lacks a membrane-bound nucleus; DNA is freely located within the cell.
DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid, the hereditary material in organisms.
Genes
- Units of inheritance that convey genetic information from parents to offspring.
Genome
- Complete set of genetic information inherited by an organism.
Feedback Mechanisms
- Positive feedback: Regulatory mechanism that accelerates a process.
- Negative feedback: Regulatory mechanism that slows down a process.
Inquiry
- The process of seeking information and forming explanations.
Discovery Science
- Aims to accurately describe natural phenomena through observation and data analysis.
Data
- Recorded observations used for analysis in scientific study.
Inductive Reasoning
- Derives general principles from specific observations.
Hypothesis
- A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, awaiting confirmation.
Deductive Reasoning
- Logic that progresses from general principles to specific instances.
Controlled Experiment
- Designed to compare an experimental group against a control for accurate assessment.
Theory
- Broader than a hypothesis; supported by substantial evidence and general principles.
Models
- Representations of concepts or processes, which may include diagrams.
Technology
- Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
Element
- A basic substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
Compound
- Formed from two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.
Trace Elements
- Essential elements required in minimal amounts for organism survival.
Subatomic Particles
- Include neutrons, protons, and electrons, the fundamental components of atoms.
Atomic Nucleus
- Central part of an atom where protons and neutrons reside, forming a dense core.
Dalton
- A unit of measurement for atomic and molecular mass.
Atomic Number
- The number of protons in an atom, denoted as a subscript to the left of the element's symbol.
Mass Number
- Total count of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Atomic Mass
- Average mass of an atom, reflecting the mass of its protons and neutrons.
Radioactive Isotope
- An unstable isotope that decays, releasing particles and energy.
Energy
- The capacity to cause change and perform work.
Potential Energy
- Energy held by an object due to its position or structure.
Valence Electrons
- Electrons located in the outer shell of an atom, determining chemical behavior.
Valence Shell
- The outermost shell of an atom, where chemical bonding occurs.
Orbital
- The region in an atom where electrons are likely to be found.
Covalent Bond
- Created when two atoms share a pair of valence electrons.
Molecule
- A group of two or more atoms bonded together by covalent bonds.
Single Bond
- Represented by a line, indicating a single covalent bond between atoms.
Structural Formula
- Illustrates both the types of atoms and their bonding arrangements in a molecule.
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Description
Explore key concepts from Chapters 1 and 2 of AP Biology with this flashcard quiz. Test your understanding of evolution, the characteristics of life, and biological hierarchy. Perfect for revision and reinforcing essential knowledge.