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Questions and Answers
What best defines a scientific theory?
What best defines a scientific theory?
- An explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by repeated observations. (correct)
- A descriptive statement about a unique event.
- A guess based on personal belief.
- A law that must always be true regardless of evidence.
Why is it important to study science?
Why is it important to study science?
- To ignore evidence and trust intuition.
- To rely solely on traditional knowledge.
- To memorize facts without understanding concepts.
- To become more informed and responsible citizens. (correct)
What is the role of the scientific method?
What is the role of the scientific method?
- It discourages experimentation in favor of theory.
- It helps to formulate questions based on observations. (correct)
- It provides a guaranteed way to prove hypotheses true.
- It is a process for analyzing artistic expressions.
What characterizes a hypothesis in science?
What characterizes a hypothesis in science?
Which of the following is an example of a process in the scientific method?
Which of the following is an example of a process in the scientific method?
What did Louis Pasteur's experiments primarily investigate?
What did Louis Pasteur's experiments primarily investigate?
What is indicated by the consistency of experimental results in science?
What is indicated by the consistency of experimental results in science?
What is the primary goal of using statistical procedures in hypothesis testing?
What is the primary goal of using statistical procedures in hypothesis testing?
What is the fundamental unit of life?
What is the fundamental unit of life?
Which statement about metabolism is true?
Which statement about metabolism is true?
What is homeostasis?
What is homeostasis?
Which domain includes unicellular prokaryotic organisms that often live in extreme environments?
Which domain includes unicellular prokaryotic organisms that often live in extreme environments?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of all living things?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of all living things?
What allows organisms to survive and reproduce in their environments?
What allows organisms to survive and reproduce in their environments?
Which of the following is a characteristic of living things concerning energy?
Which of the following is a characteristic of living things concerning energy?
In which kingdom would you classify organisms that are eukaryotic and primarily photosynthetic?
In which kingdom would you classify organisms that are eukaryotic and primarily photosynthetic?
What is one reason why animals move?
What is one reason why animals move?
Which statement about plant movement is accurate?
Which statement about plant movement is accurate?
What is the basic unit of life according to cell theory?
What is the basic unit of life according to cell theory?
What is the smallest unit of life?
What is the smallest unit of life?
Which level is NOT included in the hierarchical organization of living systems?
Which level is NOT included in the hierarchical organization of living systems?
What does 'emergent property' refer to in living systems?
What does 'emergent property' refer to in living systems?
Which level of biological organization includes multiple tissues working together?
Which level of biological organization includes multiple tissues working together?
What term describes all individuals of the same species in a specific area?
What term describes all individuals of the same species in a specific area?
At which level does a sea lion belong in the hierarchical structure of life?
At which level does a sea lion belong in the hierarchical structure of life?
Which of the following is an example of the cellular level in the hierarchical organization of life?
Which of the following is an example of the cellular level in the hierarchical organization of life?
Which of the following terms encompasses a community and its physical environment?
Which of the following terms encompasses a community and its physical environment?
What is an organelle?
What is an organelle?
How is the biosphere defined in relation to ecosystems?
How is the biosphere defined in relation to ecosystems?
Which of the following is the correct progression of biological organization from smallest to largest?
Which of the following is the correct progression of biological organization from smallest to largest?
What does the biosphere refer to?
What does the biosphere refer to?
How many organs are required to form an organ system?
How many organs are required to form an organ system?
What is the first step of the scientific method?
What is the first step of the scientific method?
What distinguishes the experimental group from the control group in an experiment?
What distinguishes the experimental group from the control group in an experiment?
What should be done if the results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis?
What should be done if the results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis?
What is the overall purpose of conducting multiple experiments over time?
What is the overall purpose of conducting multiple experiments over time?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
What role do predictions play in the scientific method?
What role do predictions play in the scientific method?
Which of the following best describes what should happen after reaching a conclusion?
Which of the following best describes what should happen after reaching a conclusion?
How does statistical significance impact the control of the experiment?
How does statistical significance impact the control of the experiment?
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Study Notes
Basic Characteristics of All Living Things
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the smallest unit of life
- All cells arise from preexisting cells
- Living things grow and are capable of reproduction
- Living things use energy and raw materials to carry out metabolism
- Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells of living things
- Living things respond to their environment
- They also maintain homeostasis, which is a constant internal environment
- Organisms have adaptive traits that allow them to survive and reproduce
- Populations evolve over time
Evolution: A Unifying Theme in Biology
- There are three domains of life:
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
- Eukarya is divided into 4 kingdoms:
- Protists
- Fungi
- Plants
- Animals
Levels of Biological Organization
- Life is organized in a hierarchical manner, ranging in increasing complexity:
- From atoms to molecules to organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere.
- Each level has emergent properties, which cannot be deduced by looking at the parts themselves
- Hierarchical organization is divided into three levels:
- Cellular level: composed of atoms, molecules, organelles, and cells
- Organismal level: composed of tissues, organs, and organ systems
- Populational level: composed of a population and a community
Scientific Method
- Use the scientific method to understand the natural world
- Make observations to ask questions
- Formulate a testable hypothesis to explain the observations and answer questions
- Provide a prediction and an experiment with two groups (control and experimental) in order to determine whether the hypothesis is supported
- Reach a conclusion based on the results of the experiment, and review statistical significance
- Develop new questions and additional experiments to further refine the conclusions
- Over time, after many experiments have repeatedly confirmed related hypotheses, a theory may be developed that offers a broad-ranging explanation for some aspect of the physical universe
- Key steps of scientific method:
- Observation
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Prediction
- Experiment
- Results
- Conclusion
- To determine whether the hypothesis is supported, experiments should include two groups:
- Control group: treated identically
- Experimental group: treated identically except for one independent variable
- A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon that is supported by many observations and experiments
- Example: The Theory of Gravity
Critical Thinking to Evaluate Scientific Claims
- Be cautious and critical when reading or hearing about scientific claims
- Scientific claims that are not supported by evidence or are controversial should be reviewed with skepticism
- Consider the source of the information, whether it is credible and unbiased
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