AP Bio: Common Ancestry Flashcards

Which of the following are pieces of evidence that support common ancestry for all eukaryotes? (Select all that apply)

What structural similarities exist between chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Select all that apply)

Where are linear chromosomes found?

Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotes?

Describe chromosome structure.

Are the genomes large or small in eukaryotes?

What are the traits of chromosomes in prokaryotic organisms?

When are introns removed?

Evidence for Common Ancestry of Eukaryotes

Common ancestry for all eukaryotes is supported by membrane-bound organelles, linear chromosomes, and the presence of introns in genes.

Structural Similarities: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Both chloroplasts and mitochondria exhibit a double-membrane structure, contain circular genomes, and have their own ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory.

Chromosome Locations

Linear chromosomes are found in all organisms, demonstrating a universal characteristic among life forms.
In eukaryotic organisms, chromosomes are located within the nucleus, in contrast to prokaryotes.

Chromosome Structure and Characteristics

Chromosomes are composed of tightly coiled DNA associated with histone proteins, with telomeres at their ends for protection and stability.
Eukaryotic genomes are typically large, containing extensive genetic information.

Chromosomes in Prokaryotic Organisms

Prokaryotic organisms possess a single circular chromosome situated in the cytoplasm, characterized by smaller genomes compared to eukaryotes.

Role of Introns

Introns are non-coding regions commonly found in eukaryotic genes, playing a role in gene regulation.
During RNA processing, introns are removed before protein synthesis, ensuring that only coding sequences are translated into proteins.

Explore key concepts that support the theory of common ancestry for all eukaryotes through this informative flashcard quiz. Delve into evidence such as structural similarities and genomic features of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Perfect for AP Biology students seeking a deeper understanding of evolutionary biology.