A&P 101 Exam 1 Retake
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about compounds is TRUE?

  • Compounds are pure substances.
  • Compounds are made up of two or more different types of atoms. (correct)
  • Compounds make up 96% of the human body.
  • Compounds are made up of only one type of atom.

    • The spinal cavity is located within which of the following cavities?

  • Ventral cavity
  • Dorsal cavity (correct)
  • Thoracic cavity
  • Cranial cavity

    • What is the atomic mass of an atom primarily determined by?

  • The number of protons
  • The number of electrons
  • The number of neutrons
  • The number of neutrons and protons combined (correct)

    • What type of charge does a proton carry?

    <p>A positive charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these subatomic particles orbit the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cavity is the brain located?

    <p>Cranial cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is true of an acid?

    <p>Has a pH less than 7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the nucleus and the electrons in an atom?

    <p>Electrons orbit the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are specifically rod-shaped structures that have a key role in cell division?

    <p>Centrioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small, hairlike structures that can be found on the surface of certain cells called?

    <p>Cilia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct term for a cut that divides the body into right and left portions?

    <p>Sagittal section (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can matter be specifically defined in scientific terms?

    <p>Anything that occupies space and has mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a prone position, which side of the body is positioned towards the ground?

    <p>Dorsal side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is the opposite of proximal when describing body parts?

    <p>Distal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the plane that divides the body into front and back sections?

    <p>Coronal section (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily involved in the transport and secretion of cellular materials?

    <p>Golgi apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the spatial relationship between the knee and ankle be defined?

    <p>The knee is proximal to the ankle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term derived from two word parts meaning 'cutting apart' refer to?

    <p>Dissection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the properties of a base?

    <p>Has a pH greater than 7 and has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the term 'leg' refer only to the part of the body between the knee and the ankle?

    <p>No, it can include the thigh as well. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle consists of a network of canals in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the cell is primarily responsible for controlling cell activities?

    <p>Nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the physiological stability maintained in living organisms?

    <p>Homeostasis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of physiology?

    <p>The processes and functions of living organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the atomic mass of an atom calculated?

    <p>Protons plus neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the atomic number of an atom represent?

    <p>The number of protons in the atom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Both neutrons and protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to a cut that divides the body into upper and lower portions?

    <p>Transverse section (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an isotope of an element?

    <p>An atom with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes lysosomes?

    <p>Membrane-bound structures filled with digestive enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding protons?

    <p>They carry a positive charge and are found in the nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an atom has 20 protons and 18 electrons, what charge does it have?

    <p>Plus 2 charge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is caused by low blood pH levels?

    <p>Acidosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ATP in biological systems?

    <p>It serves as an energy transfer molecule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a blood cell when placed in an isotonic solution?

    <p>There will be no net movement of water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about acids in solution?

    <p>They produce an excess of H+ ions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component serves as the solvent in aqueous solutions?

    <p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are known as the 'power plants' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following conditions would a blood cell display crenation?

    <p>In a hypertonic solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the lungs located?

    <p>Thoracic cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes covalent bonds?

    <p>They are formed when electrons are shared between atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the formula O2 indicate about oxygen gas?

    <p>It is made up of two atoms of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity includes the mediastinum?

    <p>Ventral cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cut divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

    <p>Frontal section (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the bursting of red blood cells?

    <p>Hemolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to red blood cells in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>They shrink and crenate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do neutrons in an atom represent regarding electrical charge?

    <p>They have no electrical charge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam 1 Retake - A&P 101

    • Question 1: Centrioles are rod-shaped structures made of fine tubes, critical for cell division, not ribosomes, mitochondria, or Golgi apparatus.

    • Question 2: Cilia are small, hair-like structures on the exposed surface of some cells, not nucleus, nucleolus, or endoplasmic reticulum.

    • Question 3: A sagittal section divides the body into right and left portions, not a frontal, transverse, or coronal section.

    • Question 4: Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. (True)

    • Question 5: Prone position places the dorsal (back) side of the body on the ground, not ventral (belly). (False)

    • Question 6: Distal is the opposite of proximal, not medial, superior, or anterior.

    • Question 7: Knee is distal to the ankle, not inferior, medial, or proximal.

    • Question 8: Water diffusing through a selectively permeable membrane is osmosis, not dialysis, filtration, or pinocytosis.

    • Question 9: Dissection is the process of cutting apart to study, not physiology, homeostasis, or anatomy.

    • Question 10: A base has a pH above 7 and more OH⁻ ions than H⁺ ions, not less than 7 or having fewer OH⁻ ions.

    • Question 11: The word leg refers only to the portion between the knee and ankle. (False)

    • Question 12: Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of canals, not flagella, Golgi apparatus, or lysosomes.

    • Question 13: Nucleus controls most cellular activities, not the cilia, nucleolus, or ribosome.

    • Question 14: Thoracic cavity is divided into 2 parts: the mediastinum and the pleural cavity, not the dorsal cavity. (False)

    • Question 15: A blood pH of 7.28 indicates an excess of H+, not normal pH, alkalotic, or deficient acid.

    • Question 16: The heart is medial to the lungs, not distal, lateral, or proximal.

    • Question 17: The opposite of medial is lateral, not dorsal, superficial, or proximal.

    • Question 18: Water diffuses from the lower concentration solution 50%, (compartment B) to the higher concentration solution (compartment A), water in compartment A will be less than compartment B.

    • Question 19: Atomic number = number of protons. In this question, 16 protons = 16 atomic number.

    • Question 20: Compounds are formed from two or more different types of atoms, not pure substances, one type of atom, or 96% of human body.

    • Question 21: Spinal cavity is part of the dorsal cavity, not ventral, cranial, or thoracic cavity.

    • Question 22: Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

    • Question 23: Proton carries a positive electrical charge. (True)

    • Question 24: Electrons are found in orbitals around the nucleus of the atom, not neutrons, protons, or both.

    • Question 25: Brain is in the cranial cavity, not ventral, mediastinum, or thoracic cavity.

    • Question 26: An acid has a pH less than 7, not greater than 7, more OH⁻ ions or neutral.

    • Question 27: Physiology studies the body's functions, not homeostasis, anatomy, or dissection.

    • Question 28: Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons. 16 protons + 17 neutrons= 33.

    • Question 29: Lysosomes are bag-like structures containing digestive enzymes (True).

    • Question 30: Atomic number is equal to the number of protons.

    • Question 31: Subatomic particles found in the nucleus are protons.

    • Question 32: A cut dividing the body into upper and lower portions i a transverse section.

    • Question 33: Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

    • Question 34: If an atom has 20 protons and 18 electrons it has a +2 charge, not a -2 or be attracted to a positive charge but an opposite.

    • Question 35: Low blood pH leads to acidosis, not alkalosis, atherosclerosis, or hydrolysis.

    • Question 36: ATP is an energy transfer molecule, not a buffer.

    • Question 37: Acids produce excess H+ ions. (True)

    • Question 38: In an isotonic solution there is no net movement of water in or out of the cell.

    • Question 39: Aqueous solutions use water as a solvent (True).

    • Question 40: Mitochondria are the "power plants" of the cell, not ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, or centrioles.

    • Question 41: Lungs are found in the thoracic cavity.

    • Question 42: Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between atoms.

    • Question 43: O₂ = made up of two oxygen atoms.

    • Question 44: Neutrons have no electrical charge. (True)

    • Question 45: Mediastimum is within the ventral cavity.

    • Question 46: Frontal section = anterior and posterior portions.

    • Question 47: Hemolysis is defined as bursting of red blood cells.

    • Question 48: A Hypertonic solution causes a crenation (or shrinkage) of red blood cells.

    • Question 49: Water initially diffuses from the compartment with lower concentration to higher, in this case compartment B to compartment A.

    • Question 50: A increase in H+ will decrease pH. (False)

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