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Questions and Answers
Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?
Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?
What is the primary function of wave summation?
What is the primary function of wave summation?
Produce smooth, continuous muscle contraction
During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?
Actin filaments
Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?
Which muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate?
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What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors?
What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors?
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What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?
What is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?
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Which of the following is not a connective tissue sheath that wraps individual muscle fibers?
Which of the following is not a connective tissue sheath that wraps individual muscle fibers?
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The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to ________.
The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to ________.
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Muscle tone is ___.
Muscle tone is ___.
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Muscle tension remains relatively constant during isotonic contraction.
Muscle tension remains relatively constant during isotonic contraction.
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What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?
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Cardiac muscle fibers depend mostly on anaerobic cellular respiration to generate ATP.
Cardiac muscle fibers depend mostly on anaerobic cellular respiration to generate ATP.
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What does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?
What does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?
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Myoglobin ___.
Myoglobin ___.
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The giant protein titin maintains the organization of the ________ assisting in muscle stretching.
The giant protein titin maintains the organization of the ________ assisting in muscle stretching.
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The sliding filament model of contraction involves ___.
The sliding filament model of contraction involves ___.
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Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of ________.
Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of ________.
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What is the functional role of the T tubules?
What is the functional role of the T tubules?
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The contractile unit of skeletal muscles are ___.
The contractile unit of skeletal muscles are ___.
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Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________.
Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________.
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Which of the following describes the cells of unitary smooth muscle?
Which of the following describes the cells of unitary smooth muscle?
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Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?
Which of the following would be recruited later in muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?
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After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?
After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?
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Most skeletal muscles contain ___.
Most skeletal muscles contain ___.
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The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ___.
The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is ___.
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Study Notes
Muscle Cell Structure and Function
- Endomysium surrounds individual muscle cells, providing support and protecting them.
- The primary function of wave summation is to produce smooth and continuous muscle contractions.
Muscle Contraction Mechanics
- Myosin cross bridges attach to active sites on actin filaments during muscle contraction.
- The sarcoplasmic reticulum regulates intracellular calcium concentration, essential for muscle contraction.
Muscle Regeneration and Types
- Smooth muscle cells have the greatest ability to regenerate compared to other muscle types.
- Cardiac muscle fibers primarily use aerobic respiration for ATP generation, contradicting beliefs of anaerobic dependence.
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
- The defining characteristic of muscle tissue is its ability to convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.
- Muscle tone represents a state of sustained partial contraction, necessary for posture and readiness for activity.
Muscle Communication and Organization
- The T tubules enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction, ensuring rapid signal transmission.
- Titin, a giant protein, helps maintain the organization of the A band and contributes to muscle elasticity.
Factors Affecting Muscle Contraction
- Muscle tension remains relatively constant during isotonic contraction, allowing movement while maintaining load.
- Tropomyosin inhibits contraction by blocking myosin binding sites on actin molecules, regulating muscle activity.
Oxygen and Energy in Muscles
- Myoglobin stores oxygen in muscle cells, facilitating aerobic respiration and energy production.
- Excess postexercise oxygen consumption reflects the oxygen needed for recovery above what was consumed during activity.
Muscle Fiber Types and Recruitment
- Most skeletal muscles comprise a mixture of fiber types, catering to different functional requirements.
- Larger, less excitable motor units are recruited later during increasing muscle stimulation for enhanced contractile strength.
Neurotransmitter Regulation
- Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine (ACh) in the synaptic cleft, preventing ongoing stimulation of muscle contraction after nervous stimulation stops.
Muscle Cells and Fatigue
- Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly result from intense, short-duration exercise, highlighting the impact of exercise duration on muscle performance.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1. This quiz covers key concepts related to muscle cells, contractions, and specific terms like endomysium and wave summation. Perfect for reviewing before your next exam!
