43 Questions
Which model of psychopathology assumes that abnormal behavior is learned through selective reinforcement and punishment?
Behavioural model
Which model of psychopathology focuses on individual uniqueness and decision making?
Humanistic model
During which historical period were mental illnesses often viewed through a demonic model?
Middle Ages
Which model of psychopathology assumes that maladjustment occurs when a person’s needs are not met?
Humanistic model
Which model of psychopathology focuses on thoughts as the cause of prosocial and maladjusted behaviors?
Cognitive model
Which of the following is a characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder?
Increased activity of the autonomic nervous system
What is a key feature of panic disorder?
Repeated, unexpected panic attacks
What is a common symptom of social anxiety disorder (social phobia)?
Anxiety involving a fear of and a desire to avoid situations where one might be scrutinized by others
What are the two components of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Obsessions and compulsions
What are the two main types of mood disorders?
Depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
What is the main criticism of the DSM-5?
Reliance on categorical rather than dimensional model of psychopathology
Which psychological approach combines biology, psychology, and social factors?
Biopsychosocial approach
What is the fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or embarrassing called?
Agoraphobia
What type of anxiety is characterized by intense fear of social situations and a fear of being judged or embarrassed by others?
Social phobia
What does PTSD stand for?
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
What do individuals with GAD experience?
Excessive worry and anxiety about various aspects of life, often without a specific trigger.
Which personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others?
Paranoid personality disorder
What is the warning sign for suicide that involves verbal statements indicating hopelessness and helplessness?
Verbal statements such as 'You'd be better off without me'
Which theory suggests that social interactions and feedback from others can influence the expression of symptoms in schizophrenia?
Social reinforcement theory
What percentage of the population is mainly affected by borderline personality disorder?
2%
'Grandiosity', 'Need for admiration', and 'Lack of empathy' are characteristics associated with which personality disorder?
Narcissistic personality disorder
'Disregard for and violation of the rights of others', 'Impulsivity', and 'Self-centeredness' are traits associated with which personality disorder?
Antisocial personality disorder
Which model posits that vulnerability is a person's diminished ability to deal with life events, and the link between vulnerability and stress is called the diathesis-stress model?
Biopsychosocial model
What is the term for the behavior of giving up or not responding when exposed to negative consequences over which individuals feel they have no control?
Learned helplessness
What is the term for the extreme behavior variations between mania and depression, affecting about 1%-2% of the population with a strong genetic component?
Bipolar disorder
Which mental health disorder exhibits positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) and negative symptoms (flat affect) and is characterized by distortions in emotional expression and disorganized thinking or speech?
Schizophrenia
What does Seligman suggest determines whether people will become depressed?
Beliefs about the causes of failure (attributions)
Which theory explains how maladaptive behaviors associated with schizophrenia may be reinforced, learned, or influenced by the social environment?
Social learning
Generalized Anxiety Disorder is more prevalent in males and African Americans than in females and Caucasians.
False
Panic Disorder is always associated with agoraphobia.
False
Major Depressive Disorder affects about 1.3 million Canadians each year.
True
Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of excessive attention seeking and emotions.
False
Antisocial personality disorder is associated with impulsivity and self-centeredness.
True
Individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to commit violent acts compared to the general population.
False
Anxiety disorders are always triggered by specific situations or objects
False
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors
True
Psychological Disorders Stats for Perspective 1 in 5 Canadians have a mental disorder
True
The DSM-5 warns to 'think organic' and rule out physical causes of symptoms first
True
Mental illness is the leading cause of disability in Canada
True
51 billion dollars per year on direct and indirect cost of mental illness
True
According to Seligman, people's beliefs about the causes of failure (attributions) do not determine whether they will become depressed.
False
Dissociative disorders do not include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder.
False
The biopsychosocial model does not propose that vulnerability is a person's diminished ability to deal with life events, and the link between vulnerability and stress is called the diathesis-stress model.
False
Study Notes
Understanding Mental Disorders: Key Concepts and Models
- Learned helplessness refers to the behavior of giving up or not responding when exposed to negative consequences over which individuals feel they have no control.
- Seligman suggests that people's beliefs about the causes of failure (attributions) determine whether they will become depressed.
- The biopsychosocial model posits that vulnerability is a person's diminished ability to deal with life events, and the link between vulnerability and stress is called the diathesis-stress model.
- Bipolar disorder, initially known as manic-depressive disorder, involves extreme behavior variations between mania and depression, affecting about 1%-2% of the population with a strong genetic component.
- Dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder, characterized by sudden alterations in consciousness, identity, behavior, and/or memory.
- Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental health disorder with early onset typically occurring in late adolescence or early adulthood, involving a range of symptoms affecting a person's thinking, emotions, and behaviors.
- Schizophrenia exhibits positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) and negative symptoms (flat affect) and is characterized by distortions in emotional expression and disorganized thinking or speech.
- Most theorists adopt a diathesis-stress model to explain the cause of schizophrenia, attributing it to genetic or biological vulnerability interacting with life stress.
- Biological evidence suggests that brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and genetic factors play a role in predisposing individuals to schizophrenia.
- Environmental factors, such as dysfunctional family dynamics, communication patterns, and learned helplessness, also contribute to the development or exacerbation of schizophrenia.
- Operant conditioning, modeling and imitation, and family environment are behavioral theories that explain how maladaptive behaviors associated with schizophrenia may be reinforced, learned, or influenced by the social environment.
- The concept of learned helplessness, proposed by Martin Seligman, suggests that individuals may become passive and unable to cope when they perceive that they have no control over their environment.
Understanding Mental Disorders: Key Concepts and Models
- Learned helplessness refers to the behavior of giving up or not responding when exposed to negative consequences over which individuals feel they have no control.
- Seligman suggests that people's beliefs about the causes of failure (attributions) determine whether they will become depressed.
- The biopsychosocial model posits that vulnerability is a person's diminished ability to deal with life events, and the link between vulnerability and stress is called the diathesis-stress model.
- Bipolar disorder, initially known as manic-depressive disorder, involves extreme behavior variations between mania and depression, affecting about 1%-2% of the population with a strong genetic component.
- Dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder, characterized by sudden alterations in consciousness, identity, behavior, and/or memory.
- Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental health disorder with early onset typically occurring in late adolescence or early adulthood, involving a range of symptoms affecting a person's thinking, emotions, and behaviors.
- Schizophrenia exhibits positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) and negative symptoms (flat affect) and is characterized by distortions in emotional expression and disorganized thinking or speech.
- Most theorists adopt a diathesis-stress model to explain the cause of schizophrenia, attributing it to genetic or biological vulnerability interacting with life stress.
- Biological evidence suggests that brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and genetic factors play a role in predisposing individuals to schizophrenia.
- Environmental factors, such as dysfunctional family dynamics, communication patterns, and learned helplessness, also contribute to the development or exacerbation of schizophrenia.
- Operant conditioning, modeling and imitation, and family environment are behavioral theories that explain how maladaptive behaviors associated with schizophrenia may be reinforced, learned, or influenced by the social environment.
- The concept of learned helplessness, proposed by Martin Seligman, suggests that individuals may become passive and unable to cope when they perceive that they have no control over their environment.
Test your knowledge of anxiety disorders with this quiz! Learn about the symptoms, prevalence, and characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
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