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Questions and Answers
What characterizes cyclothymic disorder?
What characterizes cyclothymic disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Which type of schizophrenia is characterized by auditory hallucinations?
Which type of schizophrenia is characterized by auditory hallucinations?
What is the dopamine hypothesis concerning schizophrenia?
What is the dopamine hypothesis concerning schizophrenia?
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Which of the following factors has NOT been implicated in the development of schizophrenia?
Which of the following factors has NOT been implicated in the development of schizophrenia?
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What distinguishes pathological anxiety from normal anxiety?
What distinguishes pathological anxiety from normal anxiety?
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What is the primary characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder?
What is the primary characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder?
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How does a panic attack differ from panic disorder?
How does a panic attack differ from panic disorder?
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What is agoraphobia primarily characterized by?
What is agoraphobia primarily characterized by?
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Which group is social phobia more prevalent among?
Which group is social phobia more prevalent among?
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What is a common trait of individuals with specific phobia?
What is a common trait of individuals with specific phobia?
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Which of these factors is suggested to increase the risk for developing panic disorder?
Which of these factors is suggested to increase the risk for developing panic disorder?
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What is a primary factor that increases the likelihood of developing PTSD after trauma?
What is a primary factor that increases the likelihood of developing PTSD after trauma?
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Which of the following best describes obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Which of the following best describes obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder?
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What symptom is commonly associated with major depression?
What symptom is commonly associated with major depression?
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Dysthymic disorder is characterized by which of the following?
Dysthymic disorder is characterized by which of the following?
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Which disorder is marked by episodes that recur during specific seasons?
Which disorder is marked by episodes that recur during specific seasons?
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What characterizes a manic episode in bipolar disorder?
What characterizes a manic episode in bipolar disorder?
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What type of impairment does major depression typically cause?
What type of impairment does major depression typically cause?
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What is the effect of multiple traumas on the incidence of PTSD?
What is the effect of multiple traumas on the incidence of PTSD?
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How can obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) be differentiated from simple worries?
How can obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) be differentiated from simple worries?
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Which of the following factors is least likely to influence the development of PTSD?
Which of the following factors is least likely to influence the development of PTSD?
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Study Notes
Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional state marked by physical arousal, tension, apprehension, and worry.
- Anxiety disorders are characterized by extreme anxiety that significantly disrupts cognitive, behavioral, or interpersonal functioning.
- Pathological anxiety differs from normal anxiety in three ways: it is irrational, uncontrollable, and disruptive.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder marked by excessive, global, and persistent anxiety symptoms, often described as "free-floating anxiety."
- Panic attacks are sudden episodes of extreme anxiety escalating rapidly in intensity.
Panic Disorders
- Panic disorder involves frequent and unexpected panic attacks.
- Family and twin studies suggest a genetic component to panic disorder, indicating individuals might inherit a vulnerability.
Phobias
- Phobias are intense, irrational fears triggered by specific objects or situations.
- Specific phobias, formerly called simple phobias, involve a significant fear of a particular object or situation, leading to avoidance behaviors.
Agoraphobia
- Agoraphobia is the fear of experiencing a panic attack in a public place where escape or help might be difficult.
- People with agoraphobia avoid situations where they think panic attacks may occur or where escape or help would be difficult if a panic attack were to happen.
Social Phobia
- Social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder, is more common among women than men.
- It is significantly more debilitating than everyday shyness, making activities like dancing in public or attending social gatherings extremely difficult.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- PTSD is a long-lasting anxiety disorder that develops in response to extreme physical or psychological trauma.
- Factors influencing PTSD development include: personal or family history of psychological disorders, the severity of the trauma, and experiencing multiple traumas.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions).
- Obsessions are not the same as everyday worries, but rather repeated, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts or images causing distress.
Mood Disorders
- Mood disorders are characterized by significant and chronic disruptions in mood, causing impairment in cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning.
Major Depression
- Major depression is a mood disorder marked by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness.
- Symptoms include loss of physical/mental energy, difficulty thinking/concentrating, and reduced eye contact.
Other Mood Disorders
- Dysthymic disorder involves chronic, low-grade feelings of depression that cause subjective discomfort without significantly impairing functioning.
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder where depressive episodes typically recur during fall and winter and remit during spring and summer.
Bipolar Disorder
- Bipolar disorder involves periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement, formerly known as manic depression.
- A manic episode is a sudden, rapidly escalating emotional state marked by extreme euphoria, excitement, high energy, and rapid thoughts/speech.
- Cyclothymic disorder is a milder but chronic form of bipolar disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that don't meet the severity criteria for bipolar disorder.
Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia is a mental disorder where the ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes.
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Positive symptoms of schizophrenia involve excesses or distortions of normal functioning, like delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts/behaviors.
- Negative symptoms involve deficits or defects in normal functioning, such as flat affect, alogia (reduced speech), and avolition (lack of motivation).
Other Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Delusions are falsely held beliefs that persist despite contradictory evidence.
- Hallucinations are false or distorted perceptions that seem vividly real to the individual experiencing them.
Types of Schizophrenia
- Paranoid type is characterized by frequent auditory hallucinations, usually voices.
- Catatonic type involves echoing the speech or imitating movements of others.
- Disorganized type is marked by severely disorganized speech and behaviors.
- Undifferentiated type encompasses schizophrenia symptoms not fitting the patterns of paranoid, catatonic, or disorganized types.
Explaining Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia is a complex disorder involving several implicated factors: genetic factors, paternal age (older fathers have higher risk), environmental factors, and abnormal brain structures.
Abnormal Brain Chemistry
- The dopamine hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia may be related to, and potentially caused by, excess activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain.
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Description
This quiz explores various anxiety disorders, including Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorders, and Phobias. Understand the characteristics, symptoms, and genetic components associated with these conditions. Test your knowledge about the emotional and physical aspects of anxiety.
