Anxiety Disorders Overview

<p>Bipolar disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aversion to social situations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separation anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortness of breath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rumination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hallucinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of anhedonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least two years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive self-esteem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired metabolism of neurotransmitters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of pleasure in previously enjoyable activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10-20 mg PO daily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After one week if clinical response is insufficient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with renal dysfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children aged 12 years and older (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One week if no improvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinue gradually to avoid complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30-40% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GABA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-20% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Childhood adversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NMDA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance productivity and pleasure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects 2% of preadolescents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being female (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subconjunctival hemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep deprivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic fatigue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least once per trimester and at postnatal visits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining a supportive and nonjudgmental attitude (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure patient’s confidentiality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting respectful relationships in families (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single-parent families (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple injuries in various sites and stages of healing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safety of the victim and their children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear or unwillingness to disclose causes of injuries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety is a conditioned response to specific environmental stimuli.

Having a first-degree relative increases the likelihood of anxiety eightfold.

Poor regulation of norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA relates to anxiety disorders.

The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis is highly implicated in anxiety disorders.

7.7% of the U.S. population experiences anxiety disorders in their lifetime.

Excessive anxiety about separation, common in children ages 3-4.

Organic causes, psychosocial stressors, and psychiatric disorders can contribute to anxiety.

The average age of onset for anxiety disorders is 11 years.

Initial dosage of Escitalopram is 10 mg PO daily, may increase up to 20 mg based on clinical response after weeks.

If initially on 10 mg/day, may increase to 20 mg after 1 week if clinically insufficient response.

The maximum dosage of Escitalopram is 80 mg daily, but should be achieved gradually.

Children above 12 years may start with 10 mg/day PO; may increase based on response.

Dosage adjustments may be required for patients with renal dysfunction.

Escitalopram should be avoided in patients with uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma.

Escitalopram can be administered as a single dose or BID (twice daily).

After starting treatment, dosages may be increased gradually over several weeks based on efficacy and tolerability.

Involves anhedonia or depression plus 4 symptoms for 2 weeks.

Includes depressed mood, loss of interest, and changes in sleep or appetite.

Chronic depressed mood lasting at least 2 years with other symptoms.

Loss of pleasure or interest in previously enjoyable activities.

Impairment in norepinephrine, serotonin, or dopamine synthesis/metabolism.

Characterized by excessive anxiety and worry about multiple events or activities.

Includes fatigue, headaches, palpitations, and gastrointestinal issues.

Insomnia and easily fatigued are common complaints among adults with anxiety.

Physical symptoms that arise from psychological anxiety, like dizziness and nausea.

Conditions to rule out include depression, OCD, and PTSD.

Life stressors and past traumas that increase anxiety risk.

Conditions like hyperthyroidism and arrhythmias can mimic anxiety symptoms.

Substance use and medication effects must be considered when assessing anxiety.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid, a neurotransmitter that promotes calmness.

N-methyl-D-aspartate, an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

A neurotransmitter that induces calmness and a relaxed state.

A neurotransmitter that boosts productivity, concentration, and pleasure.

Major depressive disorder affects 16 million adults annually in the U.S.

30-40% of depression cases are influenced by genetic factors.

60-70% of depression cases are linked to environmental stressors.

Adverse childhood events can increase depression risk significantly.

Women are statistically at higher risk for intimate partner violence.

Past exposure to violence can increase risk of future victimization.

Limited education may correlate with increased IPV risks.

Abuse of drugs or alcohol by either victim or perpetrator can escalate violence.

Isolation from family or friends increases vulnerability to IPV.

Poor hygiene, nutritional deficits, or lack of medical care indicate potential abuse.

Specific marks or designs on skin indicating intentional harm.

Depression, anxiety, and PTSD signal the psychological impact of IPV.

Confidential discussions are crucial for safe reporting of IPV.

Certain professionals are required by law to report suspected abuse.

A strategy to ensure victim's safety, including essentials for escape.

Support that enables victims to make informed decisions about their safety.

Raising society's understanding of IPV aids prevention and support.

Interventions aimed at reducing risk factors and fostering healthy relationships.

Extended tiredness that could signal unrecognized IPV.