Questions and Answers
What are the antiviral drug classes?
Which of the following are specific antiviral drugs? (Select all that apply)
What is the mechanism of action for antiretroviral (HIV) drugs?
Includes at least three medications that work in different ways to reduce the viral load.
What are the indications for antiretroviral (HIV) drugs?
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What are some contraindications for antiretroviral (HIV) drugs?
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What are the adverse effects of antiretroviral (HIV) drugs?
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What type of drugs do antiretroviral (HIV) drugs interact with?
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What is the mechanism of action for antiviral (non-HIV) drugs?
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What are the adverse effects of antiviral (non-HIV) drugs?
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What should be monitored when administering antiviral drugs?
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What is Acyclovir used for?
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How is Ribavirin administered?
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What does Olysio inhibit?
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What are the indications for Olysio?
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What are some adverse effects of Olysio?
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When should sofosbuvir be used?
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What are the indications for sofosbuvir?
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Study Notes
Antiviral Drug Classes
- Two main classes of antiviral drugs: Antiretrovirals (for HIV) and Antivirals (non-HIV).
Specific Antiviral Drugs
- Key drugs include acyclovir, olysio, ribavirin, and sofosbuvir.
Antiretrovirals (HIV): Mechanism of Action
- HAART involves at least three medications working together to reduce the viral load, known as "cocktails."
- Mechanisms include reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), and fusion inhibitors.
Antiretrovirals (HIV): Indications
- Used for infections caused by viruses other than HIV.
Antiretrovirals (HIV): Contraindications
- Contraindications include severe drug allergies and intolerable toxicity.
Antiretrovirals (HIV): Adverse Effects
- Adverse effects vary by each drug; therapy may need adjustments due to these effects.
- The goal is to develop a regimen that controls infection while minimizing adverse effects.
Antiretrovirals (HIV): Interactions
- Major drug interactions with substances metabolized by CYP3A4, rifabutin, rifampin, ketoconazole, oral contraceptives, and St. John’s wort.
Antivirals (Non-HIV): Mechanism of Action
- Inhibit viral replication and are used to treat non-HIV viral infections such as influenza, HSV, VZV, CMV, and hepatitises A, B, and C.
Antivirals (Non-HIV): Adverse Effects
- Adverse effects vary and may also kill healthy cells, leading to serious toxicities.
Antiviral Nursing Implications
- Monitor for both therapeutic and adverse effects.
- Educate the importance of adherence to medication schedules.
- Start therapy at early signs of genital herpes or herpes zoster.
- Advise consultation before using other medications.
- Highlight hygiene importance and that antivirals manage symptoms, not provide cures.
- Teach proper application techniques for various drug forms, emphasize handwashing, and consider patient history for assessments.
Acyclovir (Zovirax): Specifics
- Non-HIV antiviral, synthetic nucleoside analog.
- Targets replication of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV; preferred for treating these infections.
- Available in oral, topical, and parenteral forms.
Ribavirin: Specifics
- A non-HIV antiviral and synthetic nucleoside analog.
- Administered orally or through inhalation; inhalation form used for RSV in infants.
Olysio: Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits hepatitis C viral replication by blocking NS3/4A protease, preventing mature viral proteins formation.
Olysio: Indications
- Indicates for chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV, genotype 1) in adults with compensated liver disease.
Olysio: Contraindications
- Contraindications include hypersensitivity, pregnancy (X with combination), and various medical conditions like serious rash or hepatic disease.
Olysio: Adverse Effects
- Common side effects include photosensitivity, rash, pruritus, nausea, and myalgia.
Olysio: Interactions
- Interacts with CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers affecting drug metabolism.
Sofosbuvir: Mechanism of Action
- Used with ribavirin; inhibits hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase, acting as a chain terminator and must not be used in monotherapy.
Sofosbuvir: Indications
- Specifically used for hepatitis C management.
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Test your knowledge on antiviral drug classes and specific antiviral medications with these flashcards. Learn about key drugs like acyclovir, ribavirin, and the workings of HAART treatments for HIV. Perfect for students and professionals in pharmacology or healthcare!
