42 Questions
What is the primary goal of this session?
To define antimicrobial resistance and its epidemiology
What percentage of bacteria found in or on the human body are pathogenic?
About 500 species
What type of pathogens take advantage of an unusually vulnerable host?
Opportunistic pathogens
What is a characteristic of opportunistic pathogens?
They adapt quickly to changed conditions
What do commensal bacteria do in the human body?
Live on the body without having any detrimental effect
How many species of bacteria are estimated to be pathogenic?
500
What is the primary consequence of antimicrobial resistance?
Increased mortality rate due to untreatable infections
Which mechanism of antimicrobial resistance involves the production of enzymes to inactivate antimicrobial drugs?
Enzymatic Degradation
What is the primary function of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance?
To pump antimicrobial drugs out of the microbial cell
Which type of microorganism is targeted by antifungal drugs?
Fungi
What is the result of horizontal gene transfer in antimicrobial resistance?
Rapid spread of resistance traits within microbial populations
What is the primary mechanism of action of antiviral drugs?
Inhibition of viral replication or entry into host cells
Which type of antimicrobial drug targets various stages of the parasite's life cycle?
Antiparasitics
What is the result of altered target sites in antimicrobial resistance?
Decreased binding efficacy of antimicrobial drugs
What is the primary concern associated with antimicrobial resistance?
Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes
What is the primary effect of antimicrobial resistance on medical procedures?
Increased mortality rate due to untreatable infections
What is the primary function of biofilms in relation to antimicrobial drugs?
To create a protective environment for microorganisms
How do microorganisms modify antimicrobial drugs?
Through chemical modification by enzymes
What is the result of overuse and misuse of antibiotics in agriculture?
Development of antimicrobial resistance
What is a consequence of inadequate surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial use and resistance patterns?
Delayed identification of resistance trends
What is the consequence of the lack of new antibiotic development?
Fewer treatment options for infections
What is the result of global travel and trade on antimicrobial resistance?
Rapid spread of resistant microorganisms and resistance genes across borders
What is the effect of poor infection prevention and control in healthcare settings?
Increased risk of infections that are challenging to treat
What is a consequence of limited access to clean water and sanitation facilities?
Increased use of antimicrobials
What is the result of the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials?
Increased selective pressure for the survival of resistant strains
What is the global impact of antimicrobial resistance?
Affects people at any stage of life, as well as the healthcare, veterinary, and agriculture industries
What is the consequence of even one antibiotic resistance?
Serious side effects, prolonged care, and potentially life-threatening conditions
What is the trend of antibiotic use in England from 2014 to 2020?
A significant decline
What is the percentage increase in antibiotic use in 2022 compared to 2021?
8.4%
What is the estimated number of people in England who had an antibiotic-resistant infection in 2022?
58,224
What is the main reason for the increase in antibiotic-resistant infections?
Inappropriate and excessive antibiotic use
What is the estimated number of deaths in 2019 due to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections?
1.2 million
What is the name of the strategy to minimize antibiotic resistance?
Prudent Antibiotic Use
What is the goal of Antibiotic Stewardship Programs?
To optimize antibiotic use and monitor resistance
What is the purpose of Regulatory Measures in combating AMR?
To implement regulations on the use of antibiotics in agriculture
What is the consequence of losing the ability to treat infections due to antibiotic resistance?
All of the above
What is the core principle of the 'One Health' approach in combating AMR?
Recognizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health
What is the primary goal of providing education to healthcare professionals about AMR?
To encourage evidence-based prescribing and foster a culture of antimicrobial stewardship
What is the main benefit of improving access to rapid and accurate diagnostic tools?
Enabling targeted antibiotic treatments and reducing unnecessary prescriptions
What is the key objective of antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals?
To reduce the risk of resistance by reducing antimicrobial usage
What is the definition of antimicrobial stewardship?
An organisational or healthcare-system-wide approach to promoting and monitoring judicious use of antimicrobials
What is the 'easy win' in reducing antimicrobial usage?
Reducing inappropriate usage of antibiotics
Understand the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance globally and in the UK, and learn about the mechanisms of resistance. This quiz covers the basics of AMR, including its definition, timeline, and impact on public health.
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