Test 1 IV/Pharm Integumentary drugs part 4

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary use of antihistamines?

  • Antiseptic applications
  • Treatment of bacterial infections
  • Relief of seasonal allergies (correct)
  • Management of diabetes

Which of the following are adverse reactions associated with antihistamines?

  • Sedation (correct)
  • Nausea
  • Dry skin
  • Drowsiness (correct)

In which condition are antihistamines NOT recommended?

  • Seasonal allergies
  • Motion sickness
  • Hypersensitivity (correct)
  • Cough due to allergies

Which condition is an indication for the use of topical anesthetics?

<p>Minor burns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is considered an antihistamine?

<p>Zyrtec (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate use for keratolytics?

<p>Treating warts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for using topical enzymes?

<p>Wounds in contact with major body cavities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which situation should topical corticosteroids be used with caution?

<p>Lactation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is contraindicated for keratolytics?

<p>Birthmarks with hair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the application of topical anesthetics?

<p>Clean and dry the skin before application. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Hibiclens (CHG)?

<p>To reduce microbial presence before surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of topical corticosteroids?

<p>To reduce itching, redness, and swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following safety tips is NOT recommended for topical medications?

<p>Clean skin with cold water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antihistamines is most likely to cause sedation?

<p>Benadryl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is commonly associated with antihistamines that requires caution in patients with respiratory conditions?

<p>Dry mouth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an appropriate contraindication for topical corticosteroids?

<p>Moles with hair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction risks the effectiveness of antihistamines?

<p>Rifampin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would the use of keratolytics be especially contraindicated?

<p>Facial warts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key safety recommendation when using topical medications?

<p>Keep nails short (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may require caution with administering antihistamines in geriatric patients?

<p>Parkinson's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of topical corticosteroids when treating inflamed skin?

<p>Lower inflammatory responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken when prescribing antihistamines to geriatric patients?

<p>Reduced dose due to higher risk of side effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication would be ineffective when used concurrently with rifampin?

<p>Allegra (A), Benadryl (B), Claritin (C), Zyrtec (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential side effect of antihistamines may necessitate caution in patients with respiratory issues?

<p>Dry mouth and throat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihistamine is known for having sedative properties?

<p>Benadryl (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary action of topical corticosteroids?

<p>Reduce inflammation and swelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients should avoid using keratolytics?

<p>Those with allergies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which topical medication is utilized specifically before surgical procedures to decrease microorganisms?

<p>Hibiclens (CHG) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the application of topical corticosteroids?

<p>They should be rubbed in sparingly and gently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antihistamine is least likely to cause sedation?

<p>Claritin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of antihistamines that can complicate respiratory conditions?

<p>Thickened bronchial secretions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is contraindicated for use in patients with hypersensitivity issues?

<p>Calcipotriene (B), Benadryl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction can significantly enhance the sedative effects of antihistamines?

<p>MAOIs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which topical medication is primarily used for reducing itching, redness, and swelling associated with skin conditions?

<p>Topical corticosteroids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect of antihistamines should be particularly monitored in elderly patients?

<p>Dry mouth (A), Drowsiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice when administering topical corticosteroids?

<p>Rub in gently and sparingly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following topical medications can be used safely on minor cuts and abrasions?

<p>Hibiclens (CHG) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT recommended for the use of keratolytics?

<p>Warts on mucous membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary caution when using topical enzymes?

<p>They should not be used in conjunction with other topical medications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Topical Corticosteroids

Used to reduce itching, redness, and swelling when applied to inflamed skin. Examples include psoriasis, dermatitis, rashes, eczema, insect bites, and burns.

Topical Enzymes

Used to remove dead tissue (necrosis) from ulcers and severe burns.

Topical Anesthetics

Used to relieve itching and pain due to skin conditions. Examples include minor burns, fungal infections, insect bites, rashes, sunburn, and plant poisoning.

Using Topical Corticosteroids During Pregnancy and Lactation

Corticosteroids can be used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation, and are contraindicated in allergies.

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Cautious Use of Topical Anesthetics

Topical Anesthetics are contraindicated in allergies and should be used cautiously in patients receiving class I antiarrhythmic drugs.

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What are antihistamines?

Medications that block the effects of histamine, a chemical released during allergic reactions. They help relieve symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itching.

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What conditions are antihistamines used to treat?

Commonly used to treat seasonal allergies, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. They can also help with urticaria (hives), coughs related to colds or allergies, motion sickness, and nausea.

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What are some common side effects of antihistamines?

Antihistamines can cause drowsiness and sedation. They can also dry out the mouth, nose, and throat, and thicken bronchial secretions.

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What are antipsoriatics?

Medications used to treat psoriasis, a skin condition characterized by scaly plaques.

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What are keratolytics?

Medications used to remove dead tissue or soften thickened skin. They are used to treat warts, calluses, corns, and seborrheic keratoses.

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What is Hibiclens (CHG) used for?

A topical antiseptic used to reduce microorganisms on the skin before surgery. It can also be used for cleaning skin at home and on minor cuts and abrasions.

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What are topical corticosteroids?

Topical medications that reduce inflammation in the skin. They are often used to treat conditions like eczema and psoriasis.

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What are some examples of miscellaneous topical medications?

These medications help penetrate calluses, remove dead tissue, and can be used as a topical antiseptic. Burow's solution and calamine lotion are examples.

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What are histamines?

Chemicals released in response to injury, allergic reactions, and hypersensitivity reactions. They cause symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, itching, and swelling.

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What are some side effects of antihistamines?

Antihistamines can cause drowsiness, sedation, and dry out the mouth, nose, and throat. They can also thicken mucus making it difficult to cough.

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Why should you avoid antihistamines in patients with thick bronchial secretions?

Antihistamines are not suitable for patients with thick mucus, as they can worsen coughing. This is because they thicken secretions in the respiratory tract.

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What are topical corticosteroids and how are they used?

Topical corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory agents. They are used to reduce itching, redness, and swelling on inflamed skin. They are applied sparingly and gently rubbed in.

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When are topical corticosteroids contraindicated?

Topical corticosteroids are contraindicated in allergies. They should be used cautiously during pregnancy and lactation.

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What are topical enzymes and what are they used for?

Topical enzymes are used to remove necrotic tissue from chronic dermal ulcers and severe burns.

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What are some safety tips for using topical medications?

Keep nails short, clean skin with warm water and mild soap, rinse and dry thoroughly, use cool compresses to reduce itching, and watch for signs of infection and report them.

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Study Notes

Antihistamines

  • Antihistamines counteract histamine effects from injuries, allergic reactions, and hypersensitivity.
  • Uses:
    • Seasonal allergies
    • Allergic/vasomotor rhinitis
    • Allergic conjunctivitis
    • Urticaria
    • Adjunctive allergy relief
    • Cough relief (colds/allergies)
    • Parkinson's disease
    • Nausea/vomiting relief
    • Motion sickness relief
  • Adverse reactions:
    • Drowsiness
    • Sedation
  • Antihistamines dry the mouth, nose, and throat, and thicken bronchial secretions; avoid in patients with bronchial secretions to prevent coughing difficulties.
  • Contraindicated in:
    • Hypersensitivity
    • Pregnancy
  • Interactions:
    • Rifampin reduces absorption.
    • MAOIs increase anticholinergic/sedative effects.
    • Beta-blockers increase cardiovascular risks.
    • Aluminum/magnesium antacids decrease drug concentrations.
  • Administer with food.
  • Geriatric patients are more likely to experience anticholinergic effects.
  • Common antihistamines:
    • Zyrtec
    • Claritin
    • Allegra
    • Benadryl
    • Phenergan
    • Finnegan

Antipsoriatics

  • Used for psoriasis plaque removal.
  • Examples:
    • Anthralin
    • Calcipotriene
  • Contraindicated in:
    • Hypersensitivity

Keratolytics

  • Used for warts, calluses, corns, and seborrheic keratoses.
  • Contraindicated in:
    • Allergies
    • Moles, birthmarks with hair, genital/facial warts, warts on mucous membranes, or infected skin.
  • Use cautiously in:
    • Pregnancy
    • Lactation

Miscellaneous Topical Medications

  • Methiodides penetrate calluses/remove dead tissue.
  • Silver nitrate is a topical antiseptic.
  • Burow's solution is an astringent.
  • Calamine lotion is an astringent.

Topical Medication Safety Tips

  • Keep nails short to reduce infection risk.
  • Clean skin with warm water and mild soap.
  • Rinse and dry skin thoroughly.
  • Cool wet compresses/baths reduce itching.
  • Watch for infection signs and report them.

Hibiclens (CHG)

  • CHG is a topical antiseptic.
  • Used to decrease microorganisms on skin before surgery.
  • Can be used for home skin cleaning.
  • Can be used on minor cuts and abrasions.

Topical Corticosteroids

  • Anti-inflammatory agents reducing itching, redness, and swelling on inflamed skin.
  • Uses:
    • Psoriasis
    • Dermatitis
    • Rashes
    • Eczema
    • Insect bites
    • Burns
  • Apply sparingly and gently rub in.
  • Do not cover with dressings unless instructed.
  • Contraindicated in:
    • Allergies
  • Use cautiously in:
    • Pregnancy
    • Lactation

Topical Enzymes

  • Used to remove necrotic tissue from chronic dermal ulcers and severe burns.
  • Contraindicated in:
    • Allergy
    • Wounds near major body cavities
    • Wounds with exposed nerves

Topical Anesthetics

  • Relieve itching and pain from skin conditions.
  • Examples:
    • MLa-Creme
  • Clean and dry skin before application.
  • Remove prior drug residue.
  • Avoid eating for an hour after application if mouth/throat is numbed.
  • Uses include:
    • Minor burns
    • Fungal infections
    • Insect bites
    • Rashes
    • Sunburn
    • Plant poisoning
  • Contraindicated in:
    • Allergies
  • Use cautiously in:
    • Patients receiving class I antiarrhythmic drugs.

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