Antifungal Drugs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which antifungal is primarily used for systemic infections?

  • Nystatin
  • Terbinafine
  • Clotrimazole
  • Amphotericin B (correct)

    • What type of infections is Nystatin mainly indicated for?

  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Localized infections (correct)
  • Systemic infections
  • Dermatophytic infections

    • Which antifungal can also serve as an antibiotic?

  • Metronidazole (correct)
  • Terbinafine
  • Itraconazole
  • Fluconazole

    • What is a common use for Terbinafine?

    <p>Management of athlete’s foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient group is at higher risk when using systemic antifungals?

    <p>Patients with chronic diseases or immunocompromised conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is primarily used for the prophylaxis of Influenza A in susceptible groups?

    <p>Amantadine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of neuraminidase inhibitors such as Oseltamivir?

    <p>Prevention of newly formed viruses from being released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is indicated for the treatment of herpes simplex and herpes zoster?

    <p>Famciclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major advantage of Famciclovir over Acyclovir in terms of dosing?

    <p>Less frequent dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known for its application in treating cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunocompromised patients?

    <p>Ganciclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is specifically associated with the inhalation use of Relenza?

    <p>Bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key feature distinguishes nucleoside analogs like Acyclovir from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

    <p>Substituting for thymidine to stop viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of patients require dose adjustments for Amantadine due to renal or hepatic issues?

    <p>Elderly or immunocompromised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom experienced by females infected with Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>Foul-smelling vaginal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is indicated for the treatment of both Trichomonas infection and E. histolytica?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of Metronidazole for treating Trichomoniasis?

    <p>2 g as a single dose or 250 mg TID for 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant interaction should be avoided while taking Metronidazole?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal infection is NOT treated by Paramomycin?

    <p>Liver abscess from E. histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs)?

    <p>Inhibition of reverse transcriptase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with efavirenz (Sustiva)?

    <p>Psychiatric symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug serves a unique purpose in treating both HIV and chronic hepatitis B when evidence of Hep B replication is present?

    <p>Lamivudine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medications are commonly used in combination to effectively treat HIV?

    <p>Three or more antivirals from different classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary side effect of HIV medications such as Combivir?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of the adverse effects of Nevirapine (Viramune)?

    <p>Renal damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is an example of a protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment?

    <p>Nelfinavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Mebendazole?

    <p>Inhibits larval development by blocking glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended precaution for preventing worm infections?

    <p>Careful hand washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of combination therapy for HIV?

    <p>Includes at least three different antiviral medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to inhibit CYP 3A4 and is a non-nucleoside RTI?

    <p>Delavirdine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect can Pyrvinium Pamoate cause?

    <p>Bright red stool staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is indicated for both roundworms and pinworms?

    <p>Pyrantel Pamoate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections are anthelmintics primarily used to treat?

    <p>Parasitic worm infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by high fevers and chills due to a protozoal infection?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of antimalarial drugs?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desired outcome when treating worm infections?

    <p>Prevention of re-infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is known for its cholinesterase effects causing neuromuscular blockade?

    <p>Pyrantel Pamoate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of the antifungal treatment mentioned?

    <p>Interferes with cell membrane sterols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication for the use of Amantadine?

    <p>Influenza A infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with high oral doses of the antifungal medication?

    <p>GI intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formulation of antifungal medication is available as a topical cream?

    <p>Topical cream/ointment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred dosage form of Oseltamivir?

    <p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an antiviral drug?

    <p>Sindoxavir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instruction is important for patients taking the oral suspension of the antifungal medication?

    <p>Swish and swallow it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly associated with Influenza?

    <p>Sinus pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infections does Ribavirin primarily treat?

    <p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect of oral antivirals for HIV treatment?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of viruses in the context of diseases?

    <p>To reproduce only inside living cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antiviral drug is administered via inhalation powder?

    <p>Zanamivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a patient experiences GI intolerance after taking a higher dose of an antifungal?

    <p>Report to a healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is crucial for maintaining cell membrane stability that antifungal treatments target?

    <p>Sterols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antifungal Drugs

    • Local Infections: Nystatin (Nilstatin, Mycostatin), Terbinafine (Lamisil), Miconazole (Micatin, Monistat), Terconazole (Terazol), Clotrimazole (Canesten), Tolnaftate (Tinactin), Metronidazole (Flagyl, Metrogel) are used for common conditions such as athlete's foot, vaginal yeast infections, and thrush. Many also treat other infections.

    • Systemic Infections: Amphotericin B (Fungizone, Abelcet, AmBisome), Fluconazole (Diflucan), Itraconazole (Sporanox), and Ketoconazole (Nizoral) are used for systemic fungal infections. These may also be used topically.

    • Indications (Dermatophytic): Antifungals treat infections of hair, skin, nails, and vaginal folds, caused by conditions like athlete's foot, yeast infections, and thrush.

    • Important Considerations: Antifungals can take a week or longer to show results. Some are available as oral or topical medications. Patients with chronic conditions (diabetes, immunocompromised) are at higher risk of fungal infections and need careful consideration.

    Amphotericin B

    • Brand Names: Fungizone, Abelcet, AmBisome
    • Indications: Serious fungal infections (septicemia, endocarditis, pulmonary and urinary tract infections)
    • Mechanism of Action (MOA): Alters cell membrane permeability, creates pores. Leads to cell death.
    • Supplied: Parenteral only (IV)
    • Adverse Effects: Chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, hepatic failure, decreased renal function, thrombophlebitis, anemia, allergic dermatitis.

    Nazol

    • Hepatotoxicity (Liver Toxicity): Nazol drugs are very liver toxic.
    • Mechanism of Action (MOA): Selective inhibitors of sterol methylation, disrupting fungal cell membranes, leading to cell death or growth inhibition. Used in local and systemic infections.

    Nystatin

    • Indications: Intestinal, oral, cutaneous, vaginal candidiasis (mild to moderate cases)

    • MOA: Similar to amphotericin B, creates pores in the cell membrane, increasing permeability, ultimately causing cell death.

    • Supplied: Oral tablets, oral suspension, topical cream/ointment, vaginal tablets/creams

    • Adverse Effects: GI intolerance (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) at higher doses. Usually well tolerated.

    Terbinafine

    • Indications: Fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails.

    • MOA: Interferes with cell membrane sterols, maintaining fluidity and stability.

    • Supplied: Tablets, cream, spray

    • Adverse Effects: GI intolerance, skin rash, pruritus, and hepatotoxicity. (Liver function tests might be required). Topical: burning, redness, itching.

    Other Antiviral Drugs (Lecture Notes)

    • Classes: Cyclic Amines, Neuraminidase Inhibitors, Nucleoside Analogues, Non-nucleoside RTI's, Protease Inhibitors

    • Indications: Primarily against influenza, herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, hepatitis C, HIV, etc.

    • Adverse Effects: Vary considerably based on the specific drug. Some common effects include skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, confusion, and fatigue. Some necessitate dose adjustments or monitoring based on renal or hepatic function.

    Viruses

    • Small Infectious Agents: Replicate inside living cells only.

    • Diseases: Influenza, shingles, cold sores, viral hepatitis, HIV

    • Flu/COVID Technician Role: Cold chain maintenance, appointment scheduling, initial patient history, ensuring proper equipment, and compliance with procedures.

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    Related Documents

    Antifungals PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on antifungal drugs, including their uses for local and systemic infections. This quiz covers key medications such as Nystatin, Amphotericin B, and important considerations for treatment. Perfect for students in pharmacology or healthcare fields.

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