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Antifungal Drugs Pre-LBL Quiz
41 Questions
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Antifungal Drugs Pre-LBL Quiz

Created by
@SublimeCelebration

Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between human and fungi cells?

  • Fungi cells have cell walls made of chitin, while human cells do not. (correct)
  • Fungi cells have a nucleus, while human cells do not.
  • Human cells have cell walls made of chitin, while fungi cells do not.
  • Human cells have chlorophyll for photosynthesis, while fungi cells do not.

    • How do Azoles act as antifungal agents?

  • They interfere with the synthesis of chitin in fungal cell walls.
  • They inhibit the production of mycotoxins by the fungi.
  • They disrupt the DNA replication process in fungal cells.
  • They inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes. (correct)

    • What are the main side effects of antifungal agents?

  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • Hypertension and tachycardia
  • Muscle weakness and joint pain
  • Bone marrow suppression and hepatotoxicity (correct)

    • Can Amphoterocin-B be given orally?

    <p>No, it cannot be given orally due to poor absorption and significant gastrointestinal side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between imidazoles and Triazoles?

    <p>Imidazoles are broad-spectrum antifungal agents, while Triazoles are specific for certain fungal species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do anti-metabolites act as antifungal agents?

    <p>They interfere with the synthesis of DNA and RNA in fungal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug is the first-line treatment for severe and potentially fatal systemic mycoses?

    <p>Amphotericin-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for confirmed dermatophyte infections of the nails or skin?

    <p>Terbinafine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug has a similar structure to amphotericin and its use is limited to C. albicans infections of the skin and mucous membranes?

    <p>Nystatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug is converted in fungal cells, but not in human cells, into fluorouracil that inhibits fungal DNA synthesis?

    <p>Flucytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug inhibits squalene epoxide and leads to toxic levels of squalene accumulating in the fungal cells?

    <p>Terbinafine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug binds to tubulin and interferes with microtubule formation (Mitosis +cell wall synthesis)?

    <p>Griseofulvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of imidazoles?

    <p>Inhibition of cytochrome lanosterol-αdemethylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major side effect of amphotericin-B?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug results in renal impairment when administered with other nephrotoxic drugs?

    <p>Amphotericin-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug is a polyene antibiotic that binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane and forms channels through which essential fungal cell constituents are lost?

    <p>Amphotericin-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug has a relatively selective action on fungal cells because the major sterol in human cells is cholesterol rather than ergosterol?

    <p>Amphotericin-B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main change in cell physiology that leads to the formation of the malignant phenotype?

    <p>Self-sufficiency in growth signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutations in growth factor receptors can lead to uncontrolled cell growth?

    <p>Overexpression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of sustained angiogenesis in cancer cells?

    <p>Provision of oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene, when mutated, causes disruption in the control of cell proliferation?

    <p>RB gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme, when activated, can maintain normal telomere length in tumor cells?

    <p>Telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of tumor suppressor gene TP53?

    <p>Regulation of apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of evasion of apoptosis in cancer cells?

    <p>Resistance to programmed cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of signal-transducing proteins in cancer cells?

    <p>Amplification of growth signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor allows tumor cells to maintain high sensitivity to normal levels of growth factors?

    <p>Overexpression of growth factor receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of sustained angiogenesis in cancer cells?

    <p>Provision of oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic allows tumor cells to acquire self-sufficiency in growth signals?

    <p>Capability to synthesize the same growth factors to which they are responsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of overexpression of growth factor receptors in cancer cells?

    <p>Continous signals to cells and uncontrolled growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulatory genes are the main targets of genetic damage in carcinogenesis?

    <p>Growth promoting protooncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of oncoproteins derived from mutations in protooncogenes?

    <p>Ability to promote cell growth in the absence of normal growth-promoting signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a main change in cell physiology that leads to the formation of the malignant phenotype?

    <p>Limitless replicative potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sustained angiogenesis in cancer cells?

    <p>Providing continuous blood supply for tumor growth and metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of signal-transducing proteins in cancer cells?

    <p>Converting extracellular signals into cellular responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme, when activated, can maintain normal telomere length in tumor cells?

    <p>Telomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of evasion of apoptosis in cancer cells?

    <p>Prolonged survival and continued proliferation of cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutations in growth factor receptors can lead to uncontrolled cell growth?

    <p>Gain-of-function mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major side effect of amphotericin-B?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Azoles act as antifungal agents?

    <p>Inhibiting fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme, leading to impaired ergosterol synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug binds to tubulin and interferes with microtubule formation (Mitosis +cell wall synthesis)?

    Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug is converted in fungal cells, but not in human cells, into fluorouracil that inhibits fungal DNA synthesis?

    <p>Flucytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Biology

    • The main difference between human and fungi cells is the presence of ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, whereas human cells have cholesterol.

    Antifungal Agents

    • Azoles act as antifungal agents by inhibiting the production of ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane.
    • The main side effects of antifungal agents include renal impairment, especially when administered with other nephrotoxic drugs.
    • Amphoterocin-B cannot be given orally.
    • Imidazoles and Triazoles differ in their mechanism of action, with imidazoles inhibiting the production of ergosterol and Triazoles inhibiting the lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase.

    Antifungal Drug Mechanisms

    • Anti-metabolites act as antifungal agents by inhibiting fungal DNA synthesis.
    • Amphotericin-B is the first-line treatment for severe and potentially fatal systemic mycoses.
    • Terbinafine is used for confirmed dermatophyte infections of the nails or skin.
    • Nystatin has a similar structure to amphotericin and is limited to C. albicans infections of the skin and mucous membranes.
    • Flucytosine is converted in fungal cells, but not in human cells, into fluorouracil that inhibits fungal DNA synthesis.
    • Terbinafine inhibits squalene epoxide, leading to toxic levels of squalene accumulating in the fungal cells.
    • Griseofulvin binds to tubulin and interferes with microtubule formation (Mitosis + cell wall synthesis).

    Cancer Cell Biology

    • The main change in cell physiology that leads to the formation of the malignant phenotype is the acquisition of self-sufficiency in growth signals.
    • Mutations in growth factor receptors can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.
    • Sustained angiogenesis in cancer cells leads to the formation of new blood vessels, providing oxygen and nutrients to the tumor.
    • The TP53 gene, when mutated, causes disruption in the control of cell proliferation.
    • Telomerase, when activated, can maintain normal telomere length in tumor cells.
    • Tumor suppressor gene TP53 is characterized by inducing apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
    • Evasion of apoptosis in cancer cells leads to uncontrolled cell growth.
    • Signal-transducing proteins in cancer cells transmit signals from growth factors, promoting cell growth and proliferation.
    • Constitutive activation of signal-transducing proteins allows tumor cells to maintain high sensitivity to normal levels of growth factors.
    • Sustained angiogenesis in cancer cells enables the formation of new blood vessels, providing oxygen and nutrients to the tumor.
    • Overexpression of growth factor receptors in cancer cells leads to uncontrolled cell growth.
    • Regulatory genes are the main targets of genetic damage in carcinogenesis.
    • Oncoproteins derived from mutations in protooncogenes promote cell growth and proliferation.
    • Sustained angiogenesis in cancer cells enables the formation of new blood vessels, providing oxygen and nutrients to the tumor.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of antifungal drugs with this pre-LBL quiz! Questions cover topics such as mycosis, types of medical fungi, the difference between human and fungi cells, the actions of Azoles, side effects of antifungal agents, administration of Amphoterocin-B, and more.

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