Antiepileptic Agents Overview
60 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the three ways anticonvulsant drugs work?

  • By suppressing calcium influx, preventing the electric current generated by the calcium ions to the T-type calcium channel. (correct)
  • By increasing the electrical stimulation threshold in cardiac tissue
  • By decreasing sodium influx, stabilizing cell membranes, reducing repetitive neuronal firing, and limiting seizures.
  • By suppressing sodium influx, prolonging the channel inactivation and thereby preventing neurons from firing. (correct)
  • By increasing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which inhibits neurotransmitter throughout the brain. (correct)

    • What is the therapeutic serum range for Hydantin?

  • 30 mg/kg/d
  • 10-20 mcg/mL (correct)
  • 15-20 mg/kg/d
  • 30-50 mcg/mL
  • 4-7 mg/kg/d

    • Which of the following is a contraindication for Phenytoin?

  • Bradycardia
  • Heart block
  • Hypersensitivity (correct)
  • Pregnancy
  • Psychiatric disorders

    • Phenytoin is addictive.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dosage of Zarontin for an adult?

    <p>1.5 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Klonopin?

    <p>Controlling petit mal, myoclonus, and status epilepticus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Tegretol?

    <p>To treat refractory seizure disorders that have not responded to other anticonvulsant therapies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dosage of Tegretol for a child over 6 years old?

    <p>35 mg/kg/d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the toxic level of Depakote?

    <p>50-100 mcg/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Depakote can be used to treat bipolar disorder.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a nursing responsibility regarding anticonvulsant medications?

    <p>Administer IV anticonvulsants undiluted to ensure proper drug absorption and distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the chronic neurologic disorder that affects the extrapyramidal motor tract?

    <p>Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Involuntary tremors of the limbs, Rigidity of muscles, Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pseudoparkinsonism is often caused by adverse reactions to antipsychotic drugs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of drugs used to treat parkinsonism?

    <p>MAO-A inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticholinergic drugs have minimal effect on bradykinesia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Increased urinary output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Patients with glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a nursing responsibility regarding anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Check serum electrolytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticholinergic drugs are prescribed for long-term treatment of Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Levodopa itself stimulates dopamine receptors in the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the combination drug that combines carbidopa and levodopa?

    <p>Sinemet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of combining levodopa with carbidopa?

    <p>Lower risk of side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for levodopa?

    <p>Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing responsibility when administering carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)?

    <p>Administer with low-protein foods to avoid interference with drug transport to the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amantadine is an antiviral drug that can also be used to treat Parkinson’s disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amantadine is typically used to treat drug-induced Parkinsonism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the dopamine agonist that is more effective than amantadine and anticholinergics, though not as effective as carbidopa-levodopa, for treating Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>bromocriptine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pramipexole and ropinirole are newer dopamine agonists that have fewer side effects than older agonists.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Selegiline (Eldepryl) is a COMT inhibitor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first COMT inhibitor that was combined with levodopa, for advanced Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Tolcapone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entacapone has a higher risk of liver damage than tolcapone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alzheimer’s disease is a reversible condition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease?

    <p>Chronic cognitive dysfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor believed to influence the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease?

    <p>Brain tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

    <p>Memantine (Namenda)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

    <p>Increased liver enzyme production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

    <p>Liver and renal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle relaxants are used to treat only muscle spasms from traumatic injuries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a centrally acting muscle relaxant?

    <p>Succinylcholine (Anectine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muscle relaxants can cause a wide range of side effects including anticholinergic effects, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fever, and abdominal pain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for muscle relaxants?

    <p>Cardiac arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a nursing responsibility regarding muscle relaxants?

    <p>Inform the healthcare provider immediately when patient experiences respiratory compromise or acute shortness of breath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key component of pain management?

    <p>Ensuring the patient's pain is never fully eradicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nociceptors are sensory pain receptors that are activated by noxious stimuli, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli, in peripheral tissues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is CORRECT regarding neuropathic pain?

    <p>It is typically treated with nonopioid analgesics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gate theory of pain suggests that pain is transmitted through afferent nerve fibers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a suitable treatment for acute pain?

    <p>Scheduled potent opioids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of chronic pain?

    <p>Pain that responds well to conventional treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opioids are used to treat only severe pain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nonopioid analgesics are primarily used to treat mild to moderate pain.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of nonopioid analgesic?

    <p>Opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All NSAIDs have an antipyretic effect, meaning they can help lower an elevated body temperature.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aspirin is the oldest commercially available nonopioid analgesic.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do NSAIDs relieve pain?

    <p>By inhibiting the release of prostaglandins, which are inflammatory mediators that trigger pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a new class of NSAIDs that were introduced to decrease inflammation and pain with reduced side effects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for aspirin?

    <p>Flu symptoms in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a nursing responsibility regarding aspirin?

    <p>Administer IV aspirin to patients who have difficulty swallowing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetaminophen is a nonopioid and non-NSAID analgesic that provides pain relief, but does not have antiinflammatory effects.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetaminophen is a constituent of many over-the-counter medications, including cold and flu remedies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antiepileptic Agents

    • Used for epileptic seizures, also known as anticonvulsants
    • Stabilize nerve cell membranes and suppress abnormal electric impulses in the cerebral cortex
    • Work in one of three ways:
      • Suppress sodium influx through drug binding to the sodium channel.
      • Suppress calcium influx, preventing current generation.
      • Increase the action of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

    Hydantoins

    • Inhibit sodium influx, stabilize cell membranes, and limit seizures.
    • Act as an antidysrhythmic, increasing stimulation threshold
    • Has a small effect on sedation
    • Is nonaddictive

    Dosage and Route Information

    • Includes information about adult and child dosage.
    • Includes information about the route of administration (PO or IV).
    • Data provided for therapeutic serum range and toxic levels.

    Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

    • Includes potential side effects (e.g., headache, diplopia, confusion, dizziness, rashes)
    • Includes potential adverse reactions (e.g., leukopenia, hepatitis, gingival hyperplasia)
    • Life-threatening side effects include thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and aplastic anemia.
    • These effects must be reported immediately.

    Contraindications

    • Potential drug interactions and other reasons a patient should not take the drug.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    CNS Handouts PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers antiepileptic agents, their mechanisms of action, and specific types such as hydantoins. It includes details on dosage, routes of administration, and potential side effects. Test your knowledge on how these medications stabilize nerve cell membranes and manage seizures.

    More Like This

    Antiepileptic Drugs
    10 questions

    Antiepileptic Drugs

    SensibleConnemara7909 avatar
    SensibleConnemara7909
    Antiepileptic Drugs and Pharmacology
    15 questions

    Antiepileptic Drugs and Pharmacology

    GlamorousVision277 avatar
    GlamorousVision277
    ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS (MOA AND S.E.)
    42 questions

    ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS (MOA AND S.E.)

    JoyousAlgebra avatar
    JoyousAlgebra
    Central Nervous System - Antiepileptic Drugs
    16 questions

    Central Nervous System - Antiepileptic Drugs

    InspirationalLead9469 avatar
    InspirationalLead9469
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser