Anticholinergic Effects and Neurotransmitters
53 Questions
26 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is an important consideration when prescribing propranolol?

  • It can be freely combined with any antidepressants.
  • It is contraindicated in patients with asthma.
  • It should be avoided in patients with a history of conduction issues. (correct)
  • It is safe for all patients without any restrictions.

    • Why is it advised against combining SSRIs or SNRIs with MAOIs?

  • It may result in serotonin syndrome and hypertensive crisis. (correct)
  • It can lead to decreased efficacy of SSRIs and SNRIs.
  • It causes severe allergic reactions.
  • It is only a concern in elderly patients.

    • What is a recommended action for pregnant patients who are currently taking Paxil?

  • Continue treatment as it is safe.
  • Consult with a non-pharmaceutical expert only.
  • Switch to a safer option and discontinue if pregnant. (correct)
  • Double the dose for safety.

    • Which of the following is true regarding the use of benzodiazepines in elderly patients?

    <p>There is a high risk associated with their use in this population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be noted about the non-benzodiazepine sleep aid Eszopiclone?

    <p>It has the potential for dependency and withdrawal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Buspirone (Buspar)?

    <p>It increases action at serotonin receptors in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a safety consideration related to the use of Benzodiazepines?

    <p>They can be safely used in pregnancy without risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Azapirones like Buspirone when compared to Benzodiazepines?

    <p>They increase action at serotonin receptors without sedative effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Benzodiazepines recommended for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in certain situations?

    <p>They provide immediate relief while waiting for SSRIs or SNRIs to take effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the use of Benzodiazepines?

    <p>Dependence and withdrawal reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition makes the use of Benzodiazepines particularly risky?

    <p>Acute narrow-angle glaucoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Hydroxyzine play in anxiety management?

    <p>It enhances GABA receptor activity to reduce anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the breastfeeding considerations for Benzodiazepines?

    <p>Lorazepam can accumulate to toxic levels in breastfed infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of anticholinergic drugs?

    <p>Antagonize acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is known to increase blood pressure?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of SSRIs and SNRIs?

    <p>Sexual dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential effect must be considered when prescribing paroxetine?

    <p>Adverse effects in pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of SNRIs?

    <p>Minimal effect on dopamine reuptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for patients to feel the therapeutic effects of SSRIs and SNRIs?

    <p>About 4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is serotonin syndrome characterized by?

    <p>Clonus and hyperreflexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter affects mood, appetite, and temperature regulation?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential serious risk associated with antidepressants in young adults?

    <p>Suicidal thoughts and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a noted safety consideration for SNRIs?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common monitoring requirement for 1st line SNRIs?

    <p>Monitor blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Black Box Warning (BBW) associated with Valproic Acid?

    <p>Risk of pancreatitis and hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is associated with the use of Phenytoin?

    <p>Gingival hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AED is known as a CYP inducer that could reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives?

    <p>Carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action when discontinuing an oral formulation of Phenytoin?

    <p>Taper the dose gradually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding high protein meals while taking Levodopa?

    <p>High protein foods can reduce therapeutic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as a cholinesterase inhibitor used for mild to moderate Alzheimer's symptoms?

    <p>Donepezil (Aricept)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which AED has a BBW for serious dermatologic conditions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)?

    <p>Lamotrigine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in patients taking 1st generation antipsychotics?

    <p>CBC and liver function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with Donepezil?

    <p>Cardiac issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable contraindication for the use of Levodopa?

    <p>MAOIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding AEDs is true?

    <p>Dilantin is considered teratogenic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of treatment for patients with Parkinson’s Disease?

    <p>Enhancing quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these medications is known to increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in young patients?

    <p>Atomoxetine (Straterra)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible adverse effect of Memantine?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is known to prolong the QT Interval?

    <p>Antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with the abrupt discontinuation of antidepressants?

    <p>Withdrawal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antidepressants is considered one of the safest options during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

    <p>Sertraline (Zoloft)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect may occur in patients taking Bupropion (Wellbutrin)?

    <p>Increased seizure frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored closely in young adults receiving antidepressant treatment?

    <p>Suicidal thoughts and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidepressant category is known for having a special diet requirement due to dietary tyramine interactions?

    <p>Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is most likely to cause sedation as a side effect?

    <p>Trazodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a serious safety concern regarding Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Prolonged QT interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter systems are affected by the action of MAOIs?

    <p>Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is common with the use of Paroxetine (Paxil) during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased risk of congenital cardiac malformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential side effect of using antidepressants for elderly patients?

    <p>Increased CNS side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is predominantly associated with Bupropion that differentiates it from other antidepressants?

    <p>Increased energy and focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is contraindicated with MAOIs?

    <p>Bupropion (Wellbutrin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concern is specifically associated with the use of Esketamine (Spravato)?

    <p>High potential for respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration before starting an antidepressant in patients suspected of having bipolar disorder?

    <p>Assessing for possible manic episodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anticholinergic Effects

    • Drugs antagonize acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter.
    • Inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses.
    • Side effects include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, drowsiness, trouble urinating, and tachycardia.

    Prescribing Principles

    • Consider the patient's total anticholinergic burden.
    • Educate patients about over-the-counter drugs with anticholinergic effects.

    Neurotransmitters

    • Norepinephrine: A primary neurotransmitter crucial for the CNS and parasympathetic nervous system. Increases blood pressure (SNRIs).
    • Dopamine: Involved in various bodily functions.
    • Acetylcholine: Plays a key role in the digestive system and CNS.
    • Serotonin: Part of the enteric nervous system, impacting digestion and the CNS. Involved in vasoconstriction, gastric inhibition, and smooth muscle contraction.
    • GABA: Affects mood, appetite, temperature regulation, and sleep in the brain
    • Glutamate: A key neurotransmitter

    Antidepressants

    • SSRIs: Inhibit serotonin reuptake, with minimal effect on norepinephrine or dopamine. FDA-approved include Paroxetine (Paxil), Citalopram (Celexa), Fluoxetine (Prozac), and Sertraline (Zoloft).
    • SNRIs: Inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. FDA-approved include Venlafaxine (Effexor), Desvenlafaxine SR (Pristiq), and Duloxetine (Cymbalta). These are effective in treating depression and anxiety, affecting serotonin and norepinephrine (NE).
    • TCAs, MAOIs, Atypicals: Other classes of antidepressants.

    Why SSRIs and SNRIs are Effective in Treating Depression/Anxiety

    • Serotonin: Regulates mood and aggression.
    • Norepinephrine: Influences alertness and focus.
    • Symptom relief typically takes about 4 weeks, however, this varies.

    SSRI-SNRI Considerations

    • Therapeutic effects can take several weeks to become apparent.
    • May require additional therapies.
    • Similar side effects and adverse events (SE/AE) linked to increased serotonin at specific receptor subtypes.
    • Potential impact on other hormones (testosterone, dopamine).
    • Possible sexual dysfunction for some (may last for months, but often not reported).
    • Possible insomnia or initial weight loss followed by weight gain.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Module 7 CNS Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the role of anticholinergic drugs and their effects on neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Understand the implications for patient care and the importance of evaluating anticholinergic burden. Test your knowledge of how these substances interact within the nervous system.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser