Anticancer Drugs: Carmustine and Lomustine

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64 Questions

Which adverse effect is NOT associated with carmustine?

Neurotoxicity

What is the primary route of administration for lomustine?

Oral

What is the main mechanism of action of alkylating agents like carmustine and lomustine?

Inhibiting DNA synthesis

Which adverse effect is common to both carmustine and lomustine?

Impotence

What is the primary route of excretion for nitrosoureas like lomustine?

Urine

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine?

Nephrotoxicity

What is the primary mechanism of action of nitrosoureas like streptozocin?

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Which type of cancer is lomustine commonly used to treat?

Pancreatic cancer

What is the primary route of administration for platinum coordination complexes like cisplatin and carboplatin?

IV

How are platinum coordination complexes excreted from the body?

Urine

Which of the following is NOT a route of administration for oxaliplatin?

Oral

In what manner are platinum coordination complexes like cisplatin and carboplatin commonly used?

In combination synergism

Which type of cancer is commonly treated with oxaliplatin?

Colorectal cancer

When is carboplatin preferred over cisplatin?

When the patient cannot be vigorously hydrated

For which type of cancer is cisplatin commonly used?

Germ cell cancer

What is a significant consideration when using carboplatin?

Requires vigorous hydration of the patient

Carboplatin can be used when the patient has kidney dysfunction or is prone to neuro or ototoxicity.

True

Oxaliplatin is commonly used to treat colorectal cancer.

True

Cisplatin is commonly used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

True

Platinum coordination complexes are commonly used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.

False

Which platinum coordination complex is primarily associated with neurotoxicity?

Cisplatin

What is the most common adverse effect of oxaliplatin?

Cold induced peripheral neuropathy

Which platinum coordination complex is known for causing mild gastrointestinal toxicity?

Carboplatin

What is the primary adverse effect of carboplatin?

Myelosuppression

Which type of drugs affect the equilibrium between polymerized and depolymerized forms of microtubules?

Vinca alkaloids

In the treatment of which cancer type is cisplatin commonly used?

Non-small cell lung cancer

What is the primary route of administration for vinca alkaloids and taxane family drugs?

Intravenous route

Which platinum coordination complex is primarily associated with neurotoxicity?

Oxaliplatin

What is the primary route of metabolism for vinca alkaloids?

Liver and excretion in bile and feces

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with vinca alkaloids?

Peripheral neuropathy

What is the mode of action of vinca alkaloids?

Inhibition of mitosis through inhibition of tubulin polymerization

Which platinum coordination complex is known for causing mild gastrointestinal toxicity?

Carboplatin

What adverse effect is commonly associated with Vincristine (VCR)?

Neurotoxicity

Which cancer type is Vinorelbine (VRB) commonly used to treat?

Breast cancer

What is the main use of Vinblastine (VBL)?

Non Hodgkin lymphomas

What is the primary adverse effect of Vinca alkaloids?

Myelosuppression

What is the primary mechanism of action of Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

Promote polymerization and stabilization of the microtubule polymer

What is the primary route of metabolism for Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

Liver metabolism and elimination in bile and feces

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

Neutropenia

When administering paclitaxel, what is the recommended action to prevent hypersensitivity reactions?

Premedication with specific medications

What is the mechanism of action of camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan?

Inhibit topoisomerase I

What is the active metabolite of irinotecan, which is 1000 times more potent than irinotecan itself?

SN-38

In which condition is topotecan commonly used?

Metastatic ovarian cancer when primary therapy has failed

For which cancer type is irinotecan commonly used in combination with 5-FU and leucovorin?

Colorectal carcinoma

What is the primary adverse effect associated with irinotecan?

Diarrhea (life threatening require treatment with atropine or loperamide)

Which adverse effect is primarily associated with topotecan?

Myelosuppression

Which side effect is most commonly associated with camptothecins as a class?

Gastrointestinal toxicity

Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with camptothecins?

Neurotoxicity

What is the primary mode of action of etoposide?

Inhibit topoisomerase II

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan?

Myelosuppression

In which phase of the cell cycle do camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan specifically block cells?

Late S to G2 phase

What is the most common route of administration for etoposide?

IV or orally

Which type of tumors may be hormone responsive, hormone dependent, or both?

Primary tumors

What is the primary mode of action of selective estrogen modulator (SERM)?

Blocking estrogen receptors

Which agents are used to treat hormone dependent tumors?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs

What is the primary function of antiandrogens in the treatment of tumors?

Reducing androgen receptors

What is the first-line therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk women?

Tamoxifen

What is the primary route of metabolism for tamoxifen?

Metabolized in the liver

Which enzyme does tamoxifen inhibit, leading to potential drug-drug interactions?

CYP 3A4

What are some of the adverse effects associated with tamoxifen?

Hot flashes, skin rashes, and vision changes

Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and an agonist in bone and endometrium.

True

Tamoxifen is primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

False

Tamoxifen is associated with adverse effects such as hot flashes and thromboembolism.

True

Tamoxifen is the first-line therapy for progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer.

False

Test your knowledge of anticancer drugs, specifically carmustine and lomustine. Learn about their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects.

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