Anticancer Drugs: Carmustine and Lomustine
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Questions and Answers

Which adverse effect is NOT associated with carmustine?

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Neurotoxicity (correct)
  • Facial flushing
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • What is the primary route of administration for lomustine?

  • Intramuscular
  • Subcutaneous
  • Oral (correct)
  • Intravenous
  • What is the main mechanism of action of alkylating agents like carmustine and lomustine?

  • Inhibiting cell membrane formation
  • Inhibiting protein synthesis
  • Inhibiting cell division
  • Inhibiting DNA synthesis (correct)
  • Which adverse effect is common to both carmustine and lomustine?

    <p>Impotence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for nitrosoureas like lomustine?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect of nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of nitrosoureas like streptozocin?

    <p>Inhibition of DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is lomustine commonly used to treat?

    <p>Pancreatic cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for platinum coordination complexes like cisplatin and carboplatin?

    <p>IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are platinum coordination complexes excreted from the body?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a route of administration for oxaliplatin?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner are platinum coordination complexes like cisplatin and carboplatin commonly used?

    <p>In combination synergism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is commonly treated with oxaliplatin?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is carboplatin preferred over cisplatin?

    <p>When the patient cannot be vigorously hydrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of cancer is cisplatin commonly used?

    <p>Germ cell cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consideration when using carboplatin?

    <p>Requires vigorous hydration of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carboplatin can be used when the patient has kidney dysfunction or is prone to neuro or ototoxicity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxaliplatin is commonly used to treat colorectal cancer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cisplatin is commonly used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platinum coordination complexes are commonly used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which platinum coordination complex is primarily associated with neurotoxicity?

    <p>Cisplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect of oxaliplatin?

    <p>Cold induced peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which platinum coordination complex is known for causing mild gastrointestinal toxicity?

    <p>Carboplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of carboplatin?

    <p>Myelosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs affect the equilibrium between polymerized and depolymerized forms of microtubules?

    <p>Vinca alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of which cancer type is cisplatin commonly used?

    <p>Non-small cell lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for vinca alkaloids and taxane family drugs?

    <p>Intravenous route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which platinum coordination complex is primarily associated with neurotoxicity?

    <p>Oxaliplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of metabolism for vinca alkaloids?

    <p>Liver and excretion in bile and feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with vinca alkaloids?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of vinca alkaloids?

    <p>Inhibition of mitosis through inhibition of tubulin polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which platinum coordination complex is known for causing mild gastrointestinal toxicity?

    <p>Carboplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with Vincristine (VCR)?

    <p>Neurotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer type is Vinorelbine (VRB) commonly used to treat?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of Vinblastine (VBL)?

    <p>Non Hodgkin lymphomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of Vinca alkaloids?

    <p>Myelosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

    <p>Promote polymerization and stabilization of the microtubule polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of metabolism for Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

    <p>Liver metabolism and elimination in bile and feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

    <p>Neutropenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering paclitaxel, what is the recommended action to prevent hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Premedication with specific medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan?

    <p>Inhibit topoisomerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active metabolite of irinotecan, which is 1000 times more potent than irinotecan itself?

    <p>SN-38</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is topotecan commonly used?

    <p>Metastatic ovarian cancer when primary therapy has failed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which cancer type is irinotecan commonly used in combination with 5-FU and leucovorin?

    <p>Colorectal carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with irinotecan?

    <p>Diarrhea (life threatening require treatment with atropine or loperamide)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is primarily associated with topotecan?

    <p>Myelosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is most commonly associated with camptothecins as a class?

    <p>Gastrointestinal toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with camptothecins?

    <p>Neurotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of etoposide?

    <p>Inhibit topoisomerase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan?

    <p>Myelosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the cell cycle do camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan specifically block cells?

    <p>Late S to G2 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common route of administration for etoposide?

    <p>IV or orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumors may be hormone responsive, hormone dependent, or both?

    <p>Primary tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of selective estrogen modulator (SERM)?

    <p>Blocking estrogen receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agents are used to treat hormone dependent tumors?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antiandrogens in the treatment of tumors?

    <p>Reducing androgen receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk women?

    <p>Tamoxifen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of metabolism for tamoxifen?

    <p>Metabolized in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does tamoxifen inhibit, leading to potential drug-drug interactions?

    <p>CYP 3A4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the adverse effects associated with tamoxifen?

    <p>Hot flashes, skin rashes, and vision changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and an agonist in bone and endometrium.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tamoxifen is primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tamoxifen is associated with adverse effects such as hot flashes and thromboembolism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tamoxifen is the first-line therapy for progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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