Anticancer Drugs: Carmustine and Lomustine
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Questions and Answers

Which adverse effect is NOT associated with carmustine?

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Neurotoxicity (correct)
  • Facial flushing
  • Hepatotoxicity

What is the primary route of administration for lomustine?

  • Intramuscular
  • Subcutaneous
  • Oral (correct)
  • Intravenous

What is the main mechanism of action of alkylating agents like carmustine and lomustine?

  • Inhibiting cell membrane formation
  • Inhibiting protein synthesis
  • Inhibiting cell division
  • Inhibiting DNA synthesis (correct)

Which adverse effect is common to both carmustine and lomustine?

<p>Impotence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for nitrosoureas like lomustine?

<p>Urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine?

<p>Nephrotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of nitrosoureas like streptozocin?

<p>Inhibition of DNA synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is lomustine commonly used to treat?

<p>Pancreatic cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for platinum coordination complexes like cisplatin and carboplatin?

<p>IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are platinum coordination complexes excreted from the body?

<p>Urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a route of administration for oxaliplatin?

<p>Oral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner are platinum coordination complexes like cisplatin and carboplatin commonly used?

<p>In combination synergism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is commonly treated with oxaliplatin?

<p>Colorectal cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is carboplatin preferred over cisplatin?

<p>When the patient cannot be vigorously hydrated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which type of cancer is cisplatin commonly used?

<p>Germ cell cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consideration when using carboplatin?

<p>Requires vigorous hydration of the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carboplatin can be used when the patient has kidney dysfunction or is prone to neuro or ototoxicity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxaliplatin is commonly used to treat colorectal cancer.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cisplatin is commonly used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Platinum coordination complexes are commonly used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which platinum coordination complex is primarily associated with neurotoxicity?

<p>Cisplatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect of oxaliplatin?

<p>Cold induced peripheral neuropathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which platinum coordination complex is known for causing mild gastrointestinal toxicity?

<p>Carboplatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of carboplatin?

<p>Myelosuppression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs affect the equilibrium between polymerized and depolymerized forms of microtubules?

<p>Vinca alkaloids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of which cancer type is cisplatin commonly used?

<p>Non-small cell lung cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for vinca alkaloids and taxane family drugs?

<p>Intravenous route (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which platinum coordination complex is primarily associated with neurotoxicity?

<p>Oxaliplatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of metabolism for vinca alkaloids?

<p>Liver and excretion in bile and feces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with vinca alkaloids?

<p>Peripheral neuropathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of vinca alkaloids?

<p>Inhibition of mitosis through inhibition of tubulin polymerization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which platinum coordination complex is known for causing mild gastrointestinal toxicity?

<p>Carboplatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is commonly associated with Vincristine (VCR)?

<p>Neurotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer type is Vinorelbine (VRB) commonly used to treat?

<p>Breast cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of Vinblastine (VBL)?

<p>Non Hodgkin lymphomas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of Vinca alkaloids?

<p>Myelosuppression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

<p>Promote polymerization and stabilization of the microtubule polymer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of metabolism for Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

<p>Liver metabolism and elimination in bile and feces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Taxane family drugs like paclitaxel and docetaxel?

<p>Neutropenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering paclitaxel, what is the recommended action to prevent hypersensitivity reactions?

<p>Premedication with specific medications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan?

<p>Inhibit topoisomerase I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the active metabolite of irinotecan, which is 1000 times more potent than irinotecan itself?

<p>SN-38 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is topotecan commonly used?

<p>Metastatic ovarian cancer when primary therapy has failed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which cancer type is irinotecan commonly used in combination with 5-FU and leucovorin?

<p>Colorectal carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with irinotecan?

<p>Diarrhea (life threatening require treatment with atropine or loperamide) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is primarily associated with topotecan?

<p>Myelosuppression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is most commonly associated with camptothecins as a class?

<p>Gastrointestinal toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with camptothecins?

<p>Neurotoxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of etoposide?

<p>Inhibit topoisomerase II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan?

<p>Myelosuppression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle do camptothecins like irinotecan and topotecan specifically block cells?

<p>Late S to G2 phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common route of administration for etoposide?

<p>IV or orally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumors may be hormone responsive, hormone dependent, or both?

<p>Primary tumors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of selective estrogen modulator (SERM)?

<p>Blocking estrogen receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agents are used to treat hormone dependent tumors?

<p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antiandrogens in the treatment of tumors?

<p>Reducing androgen receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line therapy for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk women?

<p>Tamoxifen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of metabolism for tamoxifen?

<p>Metabolized in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme does tamoxifen inhibit, leading to potential drug-drug interactions?

<p>CYP 3A4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the adverse effects associated with tamoxifen?

<p>Hot flashes, skin rashes, and vision changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and an agonist in bone and endometrium.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen is primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen is associated with adverse effects such as hot flashes and thromboembolism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen is the first-line therapy for progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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