Anticancer Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the goals of treatment for cancer?

  • Prevention and containment of tumor growth
  • Management of symptoms and improvement of quality of life
  • Control of disease and prevention of relapse (correct)
  • Promotion of tumor growth and metastasis

What is the recommended approach for minimizing resistance and relapse in cancer treatment?

  • Long-term, single therapy with low dosage
  • Alternative medicine and dietary supplements
  • High dosage of a single drug with continuous scheduling
  • Combination therapy with intermittent scheduling (correct)

How is the dosage of anticancer drugs determined?

  • By the patient's age and gender
  • Based on tumor type and location
  • According to the patient's weight and height
  • Based on the patient's body surface (correct)

What are the common toxicities associated with anticancer drugs?

<p>Severe vomiting, stomatitis, and bone marrow suppression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Combination therapy is less successful in cancer treatment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The goals of cancer treatment include cure and control of disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resistance and relapse can be minimized by short term, intensive, intermittent therapy and combination.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anticancer drugs only cause minor side effects like mild nausea.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites specifically target?

<p>S phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of antimetabolites in interfering with cancer cell growth?

<p>Preventing DNA replication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is an example of an antimetabolite drug used in cancer treatment?

<p>Methotrexate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Methotrexate (MTX) as an anticancer drug?

<p>Inhibits DHFR; inhibits TS; inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration is used for Methotrexate (MTX)?

<p>Orally, intravenously, intramuscularly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is renal toxicity associated with Methotrexate (MTX) minimized?

<p>Ensuring adequate hydration and alkalization of urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common adverse effects associated with Methotrexate (MTX) as an anticancer drug?

<p>Mucositis, diarrhea, myelosuppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite drug that affects the activation of folic acid.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Methotrexate inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Methotrexate is primarily excreted via feces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The adverse effects of Methotrexate may include mucositis and myelosuppression.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

<p>Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which type of cancer is 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) commonly used?

<p>Colorectal cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) that results in thymineless death?

<p>Incorporation of FdUTP into DNA resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) inhibits thymidylate synthase, leading to thymineless death.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) is commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary mode of action of antimetabolites is inhibiting DNA synthesis and function.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

<p>Inhibiting thymidylate synthase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is elevated dihdropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity likely to affect the bioavailability of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU)?

<p>Increase 5 FU catabolism and decrease bioavailability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

<p>Mucositis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of doxorubicin as an anticancer drug?

<p>Inhibition of DNA replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is doxorubicin primarily administered to patients?

<p>Intravenous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

<p>oxidation of DNA bleomycin Fe 2 + to bleomycin Fe 3 + superoxide or hydroxyl radicals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is doxorubicin commonly used to treat?

<p>Breast cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Doxorubicin primarily acts by binding to DNA and inducing single and double strand DNA breaks.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anticancer bleomycin is cell cycle specific in their mode of action.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bleomycin inhibits topoisomerases I and II in cancer cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Doxorubicin is primarily administered orally to patients.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for Doxorubicin?

<p>Excretion through bile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Doxorubicin?

<p>Cardiotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of metabolism for Doxorubicin?

<p>Hepatic metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for Bleomycin?

<p>Urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

<p>Pulmonary fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

<p>Oxidation of DNA by producing superoxide or hydroxyl radicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bleomycin is primarily excreted in feces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The adverse effects of Bleomycin may include pulmonary fibrosis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bleomycin inhibits topoisomerases I and II in cancer cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

<p>Interfering with cancer cell growth by inhibiting DNA synthesis and function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer cells do alkylating agents affect?

<p>Both resting and cycling cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is commonly associated with alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

<p>Acute leukemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkylating agents primarily affect resting cells rather than cycling cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bleomycin is primarily excreted via feces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Combination therapy has been found to be less successful in cancer treatment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is commonly associated with alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

<p>Amenorrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for Cyclophosphamide metabolites?

<p>Urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hemorrhagic cystitis, a common adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide, minimized?

<p>By hydration and IV mesna (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cyclophosphamide can be administered both orally and intravenously with the same efficacy.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The adverse effects of Cyclophosphamide may include alopecia and amenorrhea.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary route of excretion for Bleomycin is through feces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common adverse effects associated with Lomustine as an anticancer drug?

<p>Myelosuppression and pulmonary toxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is renal toxicity associated with Carmustine minimized?

<p>By reducing the dosage of Carmustine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine as anticancer drugs?

<p>Inhibiting DNA synthesis and function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alkylating agent is excreted in urine and has metabolites that are also active, such as streptozocin?

<p>Lomustine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of Nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine as anticancer drugs?

<p>Interfering with topoisomerases I and II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is renal toxicity associated with Carmustine minimized?

<p>By excreting in urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for oxaliplatin?

<p>Intravenous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is carboplatin commonly used to treat?

<p>Lung cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is oxaliplatin excreted from the body?

<p>Urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkylating agents like cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are excreted through the feces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxaliplatin can be administered intravenously (IV) and intraperitoneally (IP).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carboplatin is used when the patient is prone to neuro or ototoxicity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alkylating agent is specifically associated with cold-induced peripheral neuropathy?

<p>Oxaliplatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alkylating agent is primarily known for its mild gastrointestinal toxicity and rare nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity?

<p>Carboplatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alkylating agent is associated with adverse effects such as nausea/vomiting, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity?

<p>Oxaliplatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of vinca alkaloids and taxane family as anticancer drugs?

<p>Affecting the equilibrium between polymerized and depolymerized forms of microtubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are vinca alkaloids (vincristine (VX), vinblastine (VBL), vinorelbine (VRB)) and taxane family (paclitaxel) commonly administered?

<p>Through IV route (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for microtubule inhibitors like paclitaxel and vinblastine?

<p>Intravenously (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vinca alkaloids and taxane family drugs are commonly administered through the oral route.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anticancer drugs primarily cause only minor side effects like mild nausea.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Methotrexate is primarily excreted via feces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of vinca alkaloids as anticancer drugs?

<p>Inhibition of mitosis through tubulin polymerization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with vinca alkaloids as anticancer drugs?

<p>Phlebitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are vinca alkaloids metabolized and eliminated from the body?

<p>Metabolized in the liver and eliminated in bile and feces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vinca alkaloids primarily inhibit tubulin polymerization to induce mitosis in cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anticancer drugs like Vinca alkaloids are primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The common adverse effects of Vinca alkaloids include phlebitis, nausea, and vomiting.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for vinblastine (VBL) among the listed options?

<p>Feces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common adverse effect associated with vinorelbine (VRB) among the listed options?

<p>Granulocytopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is vincristine (VX) primarily used to treat from the given options?

<p>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is vinorelbine (VRB) commonly used to treat?

<p>Lung cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neoplasms are microtubule inhibitors like VX primarily used for?

<p>Leukemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metastatic testicular carcinoma and systemic Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas are commonly treated using which drug?

<p>Vinblastine (VBL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of microtubule inhibitors like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

<p>Promoting polymerization and stabilization of the polymer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of metabolism for taxane family drugs like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with microtubule inhibitors like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

<p>Neutropenia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Camptothecins such as irinotecan and topotecan?

<p>Inhibition of topoisomerase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which condition is topotecan commonly used?

<p>Metastatic ovarian cancer as primary therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In combination therapy, how is irinotecan primarily used for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma?

<p>With 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with etoposide as an anticancer drug?

<p>Alopecia and leukopenia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of topoisomerase II inhibitors like irinotecan and topotecan?

<p>Blocking cells in the late S to G2 phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is etoposide commonly used to treat?

<p>Lung cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Etoposide primarily blocks cells in the late S to G 2 phase of the cell cycle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The adverse effects of topotecan include myelosuppression and diarrhea.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary route of administration for etoposide is intravenous (IV) or oral.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumors sensitive to steroid hormones may be both hormone responsive and hormone dependent?

<p>Adenocarcinomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is used for the treatment of hormone dependent tumors by targeting intracellular receptors?

<p>Aromatase inhibitor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drugs are used for the treatment of hormone dependent tumors that are sensitive to steroid hormones?

<p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of tamoxifen?

<p>Competes with estrogen on receptor in breast tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cancer is tamoxifen considered as first-line therapy?

<p>Breast cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dual role of tamoxifen in bone and endometrium, respectively?

<p>Antagonist in bone tissue / agonist in endometrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of tamoxifen?

<p>Competes with estrogen on receptor in breast tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of metabolism for taxane family drugs like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

<p>Metabolized in the liver and eliminated via feces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Doxorubicin?

<p>Nausea and red urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hemorrhagic cystitis, a common adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide, minimized?

<p>minimized by hydration and IV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and an agonist in bone and endometrium.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen is primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen can cause adverse effects such as hot flashes, skin rashes, and thromboembolism.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tamoxifen is primarily used for the treatment of metastatic testicular carcinoma and systemic Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is the primary target for aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole?

<p>Breast cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole primarily eliminated from the body?

<p>Metabolized in liver and eliminated in urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a predisposition associated with the use of aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole?

<p>Endometrial cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aromatase inhibitors decrease the production of estrogen in premenopausal women.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aromatase inhibitors are primarily eliminated through feces.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aromatase inhibitors are the first-line therapy for breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effects are specifically associated with antiandrogens used in the treatment of prostate cancer?

<p>Impotence, hot flashes, gynecomastia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of administration for GnRH analogs used in the treatment of prostatic cancer?

<p>Subcutaneously or intramuscularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effects are specifically associated with anticancer drugs like GnRH analogs?

<p>Impotence, hot flashes, tumor flare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

GnRH analogs like leuprolide, goserelin, and triptorelin are primarily used for the treatment of breast cancer.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antiandrogens like flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide compete with natural hormones to bind on the androgen receptor.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary adverse effect of antiandrogens is constipation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antibodies such as bevacizumab and cetuximab bind to receptors or ligands in tumor cells. (True/False)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit ligand activity in receptors. (True/False)

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resistance and relapse can be minimized by long-term, continuous therapy and single drug treatment. (True/False)

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in targeted therapy for cancer?

<p>Binding to receptors or ligands in tumor cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is commonly treated with antibodies like bevacizumab and cetuximab as part of targeted therapy?

<p>Lung cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of excretion for antibodies used in targeted therapy for cancer?

<p>Biliary excretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are the goals of cancer treatment?

Control and prevention of disease relapse.

How to minimize resistance and relapse in cancer treatment?

Combination therapy with intermittent scheduling is recommended to minimize resistance and relapse in cancer treatment.

How is anticancer drug dosage determined?

Anticancer drug dosages are determined based on the patient's body surface area.

What are common toxicities of anticancer drugs?

Common toxicities associated with anticancer drugs include severe vomiting, stomatitis (mouth sores), and bone marrow suppression.

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Is combination therapy less successful in cancer treatment?

False. Combination therapy is highly effective in cancer treatment, often leading to better outcomes and reduced resistance.

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Do the goals of cancer treatment include cure and control of disease?

True. The goals of cancer treatment include complete cure and control of the disease to prevent its spread and recurrence.

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Can short term, intensive, intermittent therapy and combination minimize resistance and relapse?

True. Short-term, intensive, intermittent therapy combined with multiple drugs is a crucial strategy in minimizing resistance and relapse.

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Do anticancer drugs only cause minor side effects?

False. Anticancer drugs can cause severe side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and damage to various organs.

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Which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites target?

Antimetabolites specifically target the S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle.

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What's the primary mode of action of antimetabolites?

Antimetabolites primarily work by preventing DNA replication, disrupting the cell's ability to reproduce.

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Give an example of an antimetabolite drug.

Methotrexate (MTX) is an example of an antimetabolite drug used in cancer treatment.

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How does Methotrexate (MTX) work as an anticancer drug?

Methotrexate (MTX) inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), thymidylate synthase (TS), and de novo purine nucleotide synthesis, ultimately preventing DNA synthesis.

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How is Methotrexate (MTX) administered?

Methotrexate (MTX) can be administered orally, intravenously, or intramuscularly.

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How to minimize renal toxicity caused by Methotrexate?

Renal toxicity associated with Methotrexate (MTX) can be minimized by ensuring adequate hydration and alkalization of urine.

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What are common adverse effects of Methotrexate?

Common adverse effects of Methotrexate (MTX) include mucositis (sores in the mouth), diarrhea, myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression) leading to neutropenia (low white blood cell count) and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).

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Is Methotrexate antimetabolite that affects folic acid?

True. Methotrexate is an antimetabolite drug that affects the activation of folic acid, interfering with critical metabolic processes.

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Does Methotrexate inhibit de novo purine nucleotide synthesis?

True. Methotrexate inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis, blocking the production of essential building blocks for DNA.

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Is Methotrexate primarily excreted via feces?

False. Methotrexate is primarily excreted through the urine, not the feces.

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Can Methotrexate cause mucositis and myelosuppression?

True. The adverse effects of Methotrexate may include mucositis (mouth sores) and myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression), leading to decreased blood cell production.

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What's the primary mode of action of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)?

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme involved in DNA synthesis.

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Which type of cancer is 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) commonly used for?

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

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How does 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) cause thymineless death?

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is incorporated into DNA, resulting in incorrect replication and inhibition of further DNA synthesis. The consequence is "thymineless death", where cells cannot complete DNA replication and die.

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Does 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase lead to thymineless death?

True. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) by mimicking a building block for DNA, ultimately leading to "thymineless death".

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Is 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer?

False. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, not pancreatic cancer.

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Is the primary mode of action of antimetabolites inhibiting DNA synthesis?

True. The primary mode of action of antimetabolites is to inhibit DNA synthesis and function, effectively stopping the cell's ability to replicate.

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How does elevated dihdropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity impact 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)?

Elevated dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity would likely increase the catabolism of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), leading to a decrease in its bioavailability.

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Which adverse effect is common with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)?

Mucositis (sores in the mouth) is a commonly associated adverse effect of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.

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What is the primary mode of action of doxorubicin?

Doxorubicin primarily acts by inhibiting DNA replication, preventing cancer cells from multiplying.

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How is doxorubicin primarily administered?

Doxorubicin is primarily administered intravenously to patients, allowing for direct delivery into the bloodstream.

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What is the mechanism of action of bleomycin?

Bleomycin primarily acts by oxidizing DNA through the formation of superoxide or hydroxyl radicals, damaging the molecule and interfering with its function.

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Which type of cancer is doxorubicin commonly used to treat?

Doxorubicin is commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer.

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Does doxorubicin bind to DNA and induce breaks?

True. Doxorubicin primarily acts by binding to DNA and inducing single and double-strand breaks, ultimately disrupting its function and preventing cell replication.

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Is bleomycin cell cycle specific?

True. Anticancer bleomycin is cell cycle specific in their mode of action, primarily affecting cells in the S and G2 phases.

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Does bleomycin inhibit topoisomerases?

False. Bleomycin does not inhibit topoisomerases I and II. It primarily acts by inducing oxidative DNA damage, leading to cell death.

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Is doxorubicin primarily administered orally?

False. Doxorubicin is primarily administered intravenously, not orally, to allow for direct and controlled delivery into the bloodstream.

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What is the primary route of excretion for doxorubicin?

Doxorubicin is primarily excreted through bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.

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Which adverse effect is specifically associated with doxorubicin?

Cardiotoxicity is specifically associated with Doxorubicin, potentially causing heart damage.

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How is doxorubicin primarily metabolized?

Doxorubicin undergoes hepatic metabolism, meaning it's processed and broken down by the liver.

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What is the primary route of excretion for bleomycin?

Bleomycin is primarily excreted through urine, the primary way the body eliminates waste products.

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What is a common adverse effect associated with bleomycin?

Pulmonary fibrosis, scarring of the lung tissue, is a commonly associated adverse effect of Bleomycin treatment.

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What is the primary mode of action of bleomycin?

Bleomycin primarily acts by inducing oxidative DNA damage through the production of superoxide or hydroxyl radicals, leading to cell death.

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Is bleomycin primarily excreted via feces?

False. Bleomycin is primarily excreted in urine, not feces, a primary way the body eliminates waste products.

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Can bleomycin cause pulmonary fibrosis?

True. The adverse effects of Bleomycin may include pulmonary fibrosis, a potentially serious side effect affecting lung tissue.

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Does bleomycin inhibit topoisomerases?

False. Bleomycin does not inhibit topoisomerases I and II. It primarily acts by inducing oxidative DNA damage, leading to cell death.

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What is the primary mode of action of alkylating agents?

Alkylating agents interfere with cancer cell growth by inhibiting DNA synthesis and function, disrupting the cell's ability to replicate.

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Do alkylating agents affect resting or cycling cells?

Alkylating agents can affect both resting and cycling cells, making them effective against a wider range of cancer cells.

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What common adverse effect is associated with alkylating agents?

Acute leukemia is a common adverse effect associated with alkylating agents, highlighting the potential for serious side effects.

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Do alkylating agents primarily affect resting cells?

False. Alkylating agents can affect both resting and cycling cells, making them effective against a wider range of cancer cells.

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Is bleomycin primarily excreted via feces?

False. Bleomycin is primarily excreted in urine, the main route of elimination of waste products from the body.

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