Anticancer Quiz

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134 Questions

What are the goals of treatment for cancer?

Control of disease and prevention of relapse

What is the recommended approach for minimizing resistance and relapse in cancer treatment?

Combination therapy with intermittent scheduling

How is the dosage of anticancer drugs determined?

Based on the patient's body surface

What are the common toxicities associated with anticancer drugs?

Severe vomiting, stomatitis, and bone marrow suppression

Combination therapy is less successful in cancer treatment.

False

The goals of cancer treatment include cure and control of disease.

True

Resistance and relapse can be minimized by short term, intensive, intermittent therapy and combination.

True

Anticancer drugs only cause minor side effects like mild nausea.

False

Which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites specifically target?

S phase

What is the primary mode of action of antimetabolites in interfering with cancer cell growth?

Preventing DNA replication

Which compound is an example of an antimetabolite drug used in cancer treatment?

Methotrexate

What is the primary mode of action of Methotrexate (MTX) as an anticancer drug?

Inhibits DHFR; inhibits TS; inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis

Which route of administration is used for Methotrexate (MTX)?

Orally, intravenously, intramuscularly

How is renal toxicity associated with Methotrexate (MTX) minimized?

Ensuring adequate hydration and alkalization of urine

What are the common adverse effects associated with Methotrexate (MTX) as an anticancer drug?

Mucositis, diarrhea, myelosuppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

Methotrexate is an antimetabolite drug that affects the activation of folic acid.

True

Methotrexate inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis.

True

Methotrexate is primarily excreted via feces.

False

The adverse effects of Methotrexate may include mucositis and myelosuppression.

True

What is the primary mode of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS)

For which type of cancer is 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) commonly used?

Colorectal cancer

What is the mechanism of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) that results in thymineless death?

Incorporation of FdUTP into DNA resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis

5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) inhibits thymidylate synthase, leading to thymineless death.

True

5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) is commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

False

The primary mode of action of antimetabolites is inhibiting DNA synthesis and function.

True

What is the primary mode of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

Inhibiting thymidylate synthase

How is elevated dihdropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity likely to affect the bioavailability of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU)?

Increase 5 FU catabolism and decrease bioavailability

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

Mucositis

What is the primary mode of action of doxorubicin as an anticancer drug?

Inhibition of DNA replication

How is doxorubicin primarily administered to patients?

Intravenous

What is the mechanism of action of bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

oxidation of DNA bleomycin Fe 2 + to bleomycin Fe 3 + superoxide or hydroxyl radicals

Which type of cancer is doxorubicin commonly used to treat?

Breast cancer

Doxorubicin primarily acts by binding to DNA and inducing single and double strand DNA breaks.

True

Anticancer bleomycin is cell cycle specific in their mode of action.

True

Bleomycin inhibits topoisomerases I and II in cancer cells.

False

Doxorubicin is primarily administered orally to patients.

False

What is the primary route of excretion for Doxorubicin?

Excretion through bile

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Doxorubicin?

Cardiotoxicity

What is the primary mode of metabolism for Doxorubicin?

Hepatic metabolism

What is the primary route of excretion for Bleomycin?

Urine

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

Pulmonary fibrosis

What is the primary mode of action of Bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

Oxidation of DNA by producing superoxide or hydroxyl radicals

Bleomycin is primarily excreted in feces.

False

The adverse effects of Bleomycin may include pulmonary fibrosis.

True

Bleomycin inhibits topoisomerases I and II in cancer cells.

False

What is the primary mode of action of alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

Interfering with cancer cell growth by inhibiting DNA synthesis and function

Which type of cancer cells do alkylating agents affect?

Both resting and cycling cells

What adverse effect is commonly associated with alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

Acute leukemia

Alkylating agents primarily affect resting cells rather than cycling cells.

True

Bleomycin is primarily excreted via feces.

False

Combination therapy has been found to be less successful in cancer treatment.

False

What adverse effect is commonly associated with alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

Amenorrhea

What is the primary route of excretion for Cyclophosphamide metabolites?

Urine

How is hemorrhagic cystitis, a common adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide, minimized?

By hydration and IV mesna

Cyclophosphamide can be administered both orally and intravenously with the same efficacy.

True

The adverse effects of Cyclophosphamide may include alopecia and amenorrhea.

True

The primary route of excretion for Bleomycin is through feces.

False

What are the common adverse effects associated with Lomustine as an anticancer drug?

Myelosuppression and pulmonary toxicity

How is renal toxicity associated with Carmustine minimized?

By reducing the dosage of Carmustine

What is the primary mode of action of Nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine as anticancer drugs?

Inhibiting DNA synthesis and function

Which alkylating agent is excreted in urine and has metabolites that are also active, such as streptozocin?

Lomustine

What is the primary mode of action of Nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine as anticancer drugs?

Interfering with topoisomerases I and II

How is renal toxicity associated with Carmustine minimized?

By excreting in urine

What is the primary route of administration for oxaliplatin?

Intravenous

Which type of cancer is carboplatin commonly used to treat?

Lung cancer

How is oxaliplatin excreted from the body?

Urine

Alkylating agents like cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are excreted through the feces.

False

Oxaliplatin can be administered intravenously (IV) and intraperitoneally (IP).

False

Carboplatin is used when the patient is prone to neuro or ototoxicity.

True

Which alkylating agent is specifically associated with cold-induced peripheral neuropathy?

Oxaliplatin

Which alkylating agent is primarily known for its mild gastrointestinal toxicity and rare nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity?

Carboplatin

Which alkylating agent is associated with adverse effects such as nausea/vomiting, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity?

Oxaliplatin

What is the primary mode of action of vinca alkaloids and taxane family as anticancer drugs?

Affecting the equilibrium between polymerized and depolymerized forms of microtubules

How are vinca alkaloids (vincristine (VX), vinblastine (VBL), vinorelbine (VRB)) and taxane family (paclitaxel) commonly administered?

Through IV route

What is the primary route of administration for microtubule inhibitors like paclitaxel and vinblastine?

Intravenously

Vinca alkaloids and taxane family drugs are commonly administered through the oral route.

False

Anticancer drugs primarily cause only minor side effects like mild nausea.

False

Methotrexate is primarily excreted via feces.

False

What is the primary mode of action of vinca alkaloids as anticancer drugs?

Inhibition of mitosis through tubulin polymerization

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with vinca alkaloids as anticancer drugs?

Phlebitis

How are vinca alkaloids metabolized and eliminated from the body?

Metabolized in the liver and eliminated in bile and feces

Vinca alkaloids primarily inhibit tubulin polymerization to induce mitosis in cells.

False

Anticancer drugs like Vinca alkaloids are primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

False

The common adverse effects of Vinca alkaloids include phlebitis, nausea, and vomiting.

True

What is the primary route of excretion for vinblastine (VBL) among the listed options?

Feces

What is the most common adverse effect associated with vinorelbine (VRB) among the listed options?

Granulocytopenia

Which type of cancer is vincristine (VX) primarily used to treat from the given options?

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Which type of cancer is vinorelbine (VRB) commonly used to treat?

Lung cancer

What type of neoplasms are microtubule inhibitors like VX primarily used for?

Leukemia

Metastatic testicular carcinoma and systemic Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas are commonly treated using which drug?

Vinblastine (VBL)

What is the primary mode of action of microtubule inhibitors like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

Promoting polymerization and stabilization of the polymer

What is the primary route of metabolism for taxane family drugs like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

Liver

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with microtubule inhibitors like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

Neutropenia

What is the mechanism of action of Camptothecins such as irinotecan and topotecan?

Inhibition of topoisomerase I

For which condition is topotecan commonly used?

Metastatic ovarian cancer as primary therapy

In combination therapy, how is irinotecan primarily used for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma?

With 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with etoposide as an anticancer drug?

Alopecia and leukopenia

What is the primary mode of action of topoisomerase II inhibitors like irinotecan and topotecan?

Blocking cells in the late S to G2 phase

Which type of cancer is etoposide commonly used to treat?

Lung cancer

Etoposide primarily blocks cells in the late S to G 2 phase of the cell cycle.

True

The adverse effects of topotecan include myelosuppression and diarrhea.

True

The primary route of administration for etoposide is intravenous (IV) or oral.

True

Which type of tumors sensitive to steroid hormones may be both hormone responsive and hormone dependent?

Adenocarcinomas

Which agent is used for the treatment of hormone dependent tumors by targeting intracellular receptors?

Aromatase inhibitor

What type of drugs are used for the treatment of hormone dependent tumors that are sensitive to steroid hormones?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs

What is the primary mode of action of tamoxifen?

Competes with estrogen on receptor in breast tissue

In which type of cancer is tamoxifen considered as first-line therapy?

Breast cancer

What is the dual role of tamoxifen in bone and endometrium, respectively?

Antagonist in bone tissue / agonist in endometrium

What is the primary mode of action of tamoxifen?

Competes with estrogen on receptor in breast tissue

What is the primary route of metabolism for taxane family drugs like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

Metabolized in the liver and eliminated via feces

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Doxorubicin?

Nausea and red urine

How is hemorrhagic cystitis, a common adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide, minimized?

minimized by hydration and IV

Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and an agonist in bone and endometrium.

True

Tamoxifen is primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

False

Tamoxifen can cause adverse effects such as hot flashes, skin rashes, and thromboembolism.

True

Tamoxifen is primarily used for the treatment of metastatic testicular carcinoma and systemic Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

False

Which type of cancer is the primary target for aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole?

Breast cancer

How are aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole primarily eliminated from the body?

Metabolized in liver and eliminated in urine

Which of the following is NOT a predisposition associated with the use of aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole?

Endometrial cancer

Aromatase inhibitors decrease the production of estrogen in premenopausal women.

False

Aromatase inhibitors are primarily eliminated through feces.

False

Aromatase inhibitors are the first-line therapy for breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

True

Which adverse effects are specifically associated with antiandrogens used in the treatment of prostate cancer?

Impotence, hot flashes, gynecomastia

What is the primary route of administration for GnRH analogs used in the treatment of prostatic cancer?

Subcutaneously or intramuscularly

Which adverse effects are specifically associated with anticancer drugs like GnRH analogs?

Impotence, hot flashes, tumor flare

GnRH analogs like leuprolide, goserelin, and triptorelin are primarily used for the treatment of breast cancer.

False

Antiandrogens like flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide compete with natural hormones to bind on the androgen receptor.

True

The primary adverse effect of antiandrogens is constipation.

False

Antibodies such as bevacizumab and cetuximab bind to receptors or ligands in tumor cells. (True/False)

True

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit ligand activity in receptors. (True/False)

False

Resistance and relapse can be minimized by long-term, continuous therapy and single drug treatment. (True/False)

False

What is the primary mode of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in targeted therapy for cancer?

Binding to receptors or ligands in tumor cells

Which type of cancer is commonly treated with antibodies like bevacizumab and cetuximab as part of targeted therapy?

Lung cancer

What is the primary route of excretion for antibodies used in targeted therapy for cancer?

Biliary excretion

Test your knowledge on the use of anticancer drugs and treatment options for benign and malignant tumors. Explore the goals, indications, and regimens for chemotherapy in cancer management.

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