Anticancer Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the goals of treatment for cancer?

  • Prevention and containment of tumor growth
  • Management of symptoms and improvement of quality of life
  • Control of disease and prevention of relapse (correct)
  • Promotion of tumor growth and metastasis

    • What is the recommended approach for minimizing resistance and relapse in cancer treatment?

  • Long-term, single therapy with low dosage
  • Alternative medicine and dietary supplements
  • High dosage of a single drug with continuous scheduling
  • Combination therapy with intermittent scheduling (correct)

    • How is the dosage of anticancer drugs determined?

  • By the patient's age and gender
  • Based on tumor type and location
  • According to the patient's weight and height
  • Based on the patient's body surface (correct)

    • What are the common toxicities associated with anticancer drugs?

    <p>Severe vomiting, stomatitis, and bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Combination therapy is less successful in cancer treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goals of cancer treatment include cure and control of disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resistance and relapse can be minimized by short term, intensive, intermittent therapy and combination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticancer drugs only cause minor side effects like mild nausea.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle do antimetabolites specifically target?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of antimetabolites in interfering with cancer cell growth?

    <p>Preventing DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is an example of an antimetabolite drug used in cancer treatment?

    <p>Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of Methotrexate (MTX) as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Inhibits DHFR; inhibits TS; inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration is used for Methotrexate (MTX)?

    <p>Orally, intravenously, intramuscularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is renal toxicity associated with Methotrexate (MTX) minimized?

    <p>Ensuring adequate hydration and alkalization of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common adverse effects associated with Methotrexate (MTX) as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Mucositis, diarrhea, myelosuppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methotrexate is an antimetabolite drug that affects the activation of folic acid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methotrexate inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methotrexate is primarily excreted via feces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adverse effects of Methotrexate may include mucositis and myelosuppression.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of cancer is 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) commonly used?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) that results in thymineless death?

    <p>Incorporation of FdUTP into DNA resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) inhibits thymidylate synthase, leading to thymineless death.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) is commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary mode of action of antimetabolites is inhibiting DNA synthesis and function.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Inhibiting thymidylate synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is elevated dihdropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity likely to affect the bioavailability of 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU)?

    <p>Increase 5 FU catabolism and decrease bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with 5 Fluorouracil (5 FU) as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Mucositis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of doxorubicin as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Inhibition of DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is doxorubicin primarily administered to patients?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

    <p>oxidation of DNA bleomycin Fe 2 + to bleomycin Fe 3 + superoxide or hydroxyl radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is doxorubicin commonly used to treat?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Doxorubicin primarily acts by binding to DNA and inducing single and double strand DNA breaks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticancer bleomycin is cell cycle specific in their mode of action.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bleomycin inhibits topoisomerases I and II in cancer cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Doxorubicin is primarily administered orally to patients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Doxorubicin?

    <p>Excretion through bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Doxorubicin?

    <p>Cardiotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of metabolism for Doxorubicin?

    <p>Hepatic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Bleomycin?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of Bleomycin as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Oxidation of DNA by producing superoxide or hydroxyl radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bleomycin is primarily excreted in feces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adverse effects of Bleomycin may include pulmonary fibrosis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bleomycin inhibits topoisomerases I and II in cancer cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

    <p>Interfering with cancer cell growth by inhibiting DNA synthesis and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer cells do alkylating agents affect?

    <p>Both resting and cycling cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

    <p>Acute leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkylating agents primarily affect resting cells rather than cycling cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bleomycin is primarily excreted via feces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Combination therapy has been found to be less successful in cancer treatment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with alkylating agents as anticancer drugs?

    <p>Amenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for Cyclophosphamide metabolites?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hemorrhagic cystitis, a common adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide, minimized?

    <p>By hydration and IV mesna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cyclophosphamide can be administered both orally and intravenously with the same efficacy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adverse effects of Cyclophosphamide may include alopecia and amenorrhea.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary route of excretion for Bleomycin is through feces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common adverse effects associated with Lomustine as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Myelosuppression and pulmonary toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is renal toxicity associated with Carmustine minimized?

    <p>By reducing the dosage of Carmustine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of Nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine as anticancer drugs?

    <p>Inhibiting DNA synthesis and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent is excreted in urine and has metabolites that are also active, such as streptozocin?

    <p>Lomustine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of Nitrosoureas like carmustine and lomustine as anticancer drugs?

    <p>Interfering with topoisomerases I and II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is renal toxicity associated with Carmustine minimized?

    <p>By excreting in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for oxaliplatin?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is carboplatin commonly used to treat?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is oxaliplatin excreted from the body?

    <p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkylating agents like cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are excreted through the feces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxaliplatin can be administered intravenously (IV) and intraperitoneally (IP).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carboplatin is used when the patient is prone to neuro or ototoxicity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent is specifically associated with cold-induced peripheral neuropathy?

    <p>Oxaliplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent is primarily known for its mild gastrointestinal toxicity and rare nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity?

    <p>Carboplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent is associated with adverse effects such as nausea/vomiting, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity?

    <p>Oxaliplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of vinca alkaloids and taxane family as anticancer drugs?

    <p>Affecting the equilibrium between polymerized and depolymerized forms of microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are vinca alkaloids (vincristine (VX), vinblastine (VBL), vinorelbine (VRB)) and taxane family (paclitaxel) commonly administered?

    <p>Through IV route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for microtubule inhibitors like paclitaxel and vinblastine?

    <p>Intravenously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vinca alkaloids and taxane family drugs are commonly administered through the oral route.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticancer drugs primarily cause only minor side effects like mild nausea.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methotrexate is primarily excreted via feces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of vinca alkaloids as anticancer drugs?

    <p>Inhibition of mitosis through tubulin polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is specifically associated with vinca alkaloids as anticancer drugs?

    <p>Phlebitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are vinca alkaloids metabolized and eliminated from the body?

    <p>Metabolized in the liver and eliminated in bile and feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vinca alkaloids primarily inhibit tubulin polymerization to induce mitosis in cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticancer drugs like Vinca alkaloids are primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The common adverse effects of Vinca alkaloids include phlebitis, nausea, and vomiting.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for vinblastine (VBL) among the listed options?

    <p>Feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common adverse effect associated with vinorelbine (VRB) among the listed options?

    <p>Granulocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is vincristine (VX) primarily used to treat from the given options?

    <p>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is vinorelbine (VRB) commonly used to treat?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neoplasms are microtubule inhibitors like VX primarily used for?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metastatic testicular carcinoma and systemic Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas are commonly treated using which drug?

    <p>Vinblastine (VBL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of microtubule inhibitors like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

    <p>Promoting polymerization and stabilization of the polymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of metabolism for taxane family drugs like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with microtubule inhibitors like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

    <p>Neutropenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Camptothecins such as irinotecan and topotecan?

    <p>Inhibition of topoisomerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition is topotecan commonly used?

    <p>Metastatic ovarian cancer as primary therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In combination therapy, how is irinotecan primarily used for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma?

    <p>With 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with etoposide as an anticancer drug?

    <p>Alopecia and leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of topoisomerase II inhibitors like irinotecan and topotecan?

    <p>Blocking cells in the late S to G2 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is etoposide commonly used to treat?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etoposide primarily blocks cells in the late S to G 2 phase of the cell cycle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adverse effects of topotecan include myelosuppression and diarrhea.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary route of administration for etoposide is intravenous (IV) or oral.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumors sensitive to steroid hormones may be both hormone responsive and hormone dependent?

    <p>Adenocarcinomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is used for the treatment of hormone dependent tumors by targeting intracellular receptors?

    <p>Aromatase inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drugs are used for the treatment of hormone dependent tumors that are sensitive to steroid hormones?

    <p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of tamoxifen?

    <p>Competes with estrogen on receptor in breast tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cancer is tamoxifen considered as first-line therapy?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dual role of tamoxifen in bone and endometrium, respectively?

    <p>Antagonist in bone tissue / agonist in endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of tamoxifen?

    <p>Competes with estrogen on receptor in breast tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of metabolism for taxane family drugs like docetaxel and paclitaxel?

    <p>Metabolized in the liver and eliminated via feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Doxorubicin?

    <p>Nausea and red urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hemorrhagic cystitis, a common adverse effect of Cyclophosphamide, minimized?

    <p>minimized by hydration and IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and an agonist in bone and endometrium.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tamoxifen is primarily metabolized in the kidneys.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tamoxifen can cause adverse effects such as hot flashes, skin rashes, and thromboembolism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tamoxifen is primarily used for the treatment of metastatic testicular carcinoma and systemic Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is the primary target for aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole primarily eliminated from the body?

    <p>Metabolized in liver and eliminated in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a predisposition associated with the use of aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole?

    <p>Endometrial cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aromatase inhibitors decrease the production of estrogen in premenopausal women.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aromatase inhibitors are primarily eliminated through feces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aromatase inhibitors are the first-line therapy for breast cancer in postmenopausal women.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effects are specifically associated with antiandrogens used in the treatment of prostate cancer?

    <p>Impotence, hot flashes, gynecomastia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for GnRH analogs used in the treatment of prostatic cancer?

    <p>Subcutaneously or intramuscularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effects are specifically associated with anticancer drugs like GnRH analogs?

    <p>Impotence, hot flashes, tumor flare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GnRH analogs like leuprolide, goserelin, and triptorelin are primarily used for the treatment of breast cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antiandrogens like flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide compete with natural hormones to bind on the androgen receptor.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary adverse effect of antiandrogens is constipation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies such as bevacizumab and cetuximab bind to receptors or ligands in tumor cells. (True/False)

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit ligand activity in receptors. (True/False)

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resistance and relapse can be minimized by long-term, continuous therapy and single drug treatment. (True/False)

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in targeted therapy for cancer?

    <p>Binding to receptors or ligands in tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is commonly treated with antibodies like bevacizumab and cetuximab as part of targeted therapy?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for antibodies used in targeted therapy for cancer?

    <p>Biliary excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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