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Questions and Answers

What is the role of B lymphocytes in adaptive immunity?

Producing antibodies that protect against intracellular pathogens

Triggering broad immune responses against common structural features on microorganisms

Producing antibodies that protect against extracellular antigens (correct)

Displaying antigen-specific receptors on their surface to defend against viruses

What is the function of T lymphocytes (T cells) in adaptive immunity?

Triggering broad immune responses against common structural features on microorganisms

Producing antibodies that protect against intracellular pathogens

Producing antibodies that protect against extracellular antigens

Displaying antigen-specific receptors on their surface to defend against intracellular pathogens (correct)

What is the key factor in the specificity of adaptive immunity?

The number of clones produced after antigen exposure

Presence of immunogens in the body

Activation of antigen-reactive cells

Lymphocyte receptors interacting with individual antigens (correct)

What is the result of the first antigen exposure in terms of memory?

Induces multiplication of antigen-reactive cells, resulting in multiple clones Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells directly kill cells displaying surface foreign antigens?

T-cytotoxic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T-helper-1 subset?

Activating macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What induces inflammation in the immune response?

Cytokines released by T-helper cells Signup and view all the answers

What is required for T-cell interaction with a foreign antigen?

Presentation in the context of an MHC Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the diversity of T cell receptors?

Somatic recombination Signup and view all the answers

Which cells play a crucial role in B lymphocyte activation and antibody production?

T-helper-2 subset Signup and view all the answers

What do T-cytotoxic cells release for target cell lysis?

Perforin and granzyme Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells produce and release cytokines that activate the adaptive immune response?

T-helper cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is achieved through the injection of antibodies or antigen-reactive T cells?

Passive immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability to discriminate between self and nonself antigens, with failure leading to autoimmunity?

Tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which cells have surface antibodies that bind to antigens, leading to the production of plasma cells and memory cells?

B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What triggers a stronger and faster secondary immune response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen?

Secondary immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for substances that react with antibodies or T cell receptors?

Antigens Signup and view all the answers

What confers immunity through vaccination with killed or weakened pathogens?

Active immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of antibodies to bind to toxins or viruses to neutralize them?

Neutralization Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are eliminated through clonal deletions during T cell selection in the thymus?

Most T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is affected by size, complexity, physical form, dose, and route of exposure in terms of eliciting an immune response?

Immunogenicity Signup and view all the answers

Where does positive and negative selection take place during B cell selection?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What do antibodies interact with distinct portions of antigens called?

Epitopes Signup and view all the answers

What is achieved through exposure to an antigen, leading to the development of immunological memory?

Active immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which class of immunoglobulins is mostly produced during the primary antibody response?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of MHC Class II proteins?

Present antigens to T-helper cells Signup and view all the answers

What mechanisms contribute to generating antibody diversity?

Somatic recombination, random reassortment, coding for joint diversity, and hypermutation Signup and view all the answers

What determines antibody binding?

Variable domains and antigen-antibody interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of MHC I proteins?

Present internal antigens to T-cytotoxic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IgG in the secondary antibody response?

Produced mostly during the secondary response and provides long-term immunity Signup and view all the answers

How many possible antibodies are generated through reassortment and hypermutation?

Over 3.3 million Signup and view all the answers

What process constructs immunoglobulin genes from several gene segments?

Somatic recombination Signup and view all the answers

How does MHC II proteins interact with T cell receptors?

Peptide fragment binding and interaction with T cell receptors Signup and view all the answers

What generates antibody diversity by varying the amino acid sequence?

Imprecise VDJ joining Signup and view all the answers

Which class of immunoglobulins is primarily found in secretions such as tears and breast milk?

IgA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgE in the immune system?

Mediates allergic reactions and defends against parasitic infections Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antibody Structure and Diversity, MHC, and Antigen Presentation

Antibodies have billions of different antigen-binding sites for different antigens
IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD are different classes of immunoglobulins with distinct functions and locations
Primary antibody response produces short-lived plasma cells, mostly IgM, while secondary response is quicker and produces mostly IgG
Variable domains and antigen-antibody interaction determine antibody binding
Mechanisms of generating antibody diversity include somatic recombination, random reassortment, coding for joint diversity, and hypermutation
Gene rearrangement by somatic recombination constructs immunoglobulin genes from several gene segments
Reassortment and hypermutation generate over 3.3 million possible antibodies
Imprecise VDJ joining generates antibody diversity by varying the amino acid sequence
MHC Class I and Class II proteins present antigens to T-cytotoxic and T-helper cells, respectively
MHC I proteins present internal antigens to T-cytotoxic cells and are the major antigen barriers for tissue transplant
MHC II proteins present antigens to T-helper cells and stimulate immune responses
Antigen presentation by MHC I and MHC II proteins involves peptide fragment binding and interaction with T cell receptors, leading to immune responses

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Description

Test your knowledge of antibody structure, diversity, and antigen presentation with this quiz. Explore the different classes of immunoglobulins, mechanisms of generating antibody diversity, and the role of MHC proteins in presenting antigens to T-cells.

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