Antibody Screening Methods

Antibody Screening

• Purpose: to detect unexpected antibodies in a patient's blood

Categories of Unexpected Antibodies

• Not mentioned in the text

How is Antibody Screening Performed?

• Method of antibody screening: Tube Method
• The tube method involves:
  • Immediate Spin Phase
  • 37°C Incubation Phase
  • Antiglobulin Phase

Tube Method

• Immediate Spin Phase: initial centrifugation of the sample
• 37°C Incubation Phase: incubation of the sample at 37°C to enhance antibody detection
• Antiglobulin Phase: addition of antiglobulin to detect IgG antibodies

Grading of Agglutination Reactions

• Turgeon method:
  • 0: no aggregates
  • mf: few isolated aggregates, mostly free-floating cells, supernatant appears red
  • Weak (+/-): tiny aggregates, many free RBCs, turbid and reddish supernatant
  • 1+: a few small aggregates just visible macroscopically, many free erythrocytes, turbid and reddish supernatant
  • 2+: medium-sized aggregates, some free erythrocytes, clear supernatant
  • 3+: several large aggregates, some free erythrocytes, clear supernatant
  • 4+: all the erythrocytes are combined into one solid aggregate, clear supernatant
• Harmening method:
  • 0: no agglutination or hemolysis
  • W+: tiny agglutinates, turbid background
  • 1+: small agglutinates, turbid background
  • 2+: medium-sized agglutinates, clear background
  • 3+: several large agglutinates, clear background
  • 4+: one solid agglutinate

Direct Coomb's Test

• Procedure:
  • Steps 1-6 not mentioned in the text
• Interpretation:
  • Positive: agglutination/clumping of red blood cells
  • Negative: no clumping or agglutination

Factors Affecting Agglutination

• 7 factors mentioned, not specified in the text

Gel Method

• Procedure:
  • Steps 1-9 not mentioned in the text

This quiz covers the categories and methods of antibody screening, including the tube method, incubation phase, and antiglobulin phase. It also discusses the grading of agglutination reactions.