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Antibiotics for Corneal Ulcers
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Antibiotics for Corneal Ulcers

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of Tamoxifen?

  • Alpha1a-adrenergic blocker
  • Selective estrogen receptor modulator (correct)
  • Non-selective alpha blocker
  • Selective beta blocker

    • What is the ophthalmic use of Tamsulosin?

  • Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (correct)
  • Treatment of age-related macular degeneration
  • Treatment of cataract
  • Treatment of glaucoma

    • What is the potential ophthalmic adverse effect of Sildenafil?

  • Reversible corneal opacity
  • Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy
  • Retinal vascular occlusion
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the mechanism of action of Topiramate?

    <p>Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential ophthalmic adverse effect of Digitalis derivatives?

    <p>Reversible disturbances in color vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Moxifloxacin?

    <p>Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for Moxifloxacin 0.5% (Vigamox) eye drops?

    <p>Bacterial Conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using Pilocarpine 5mg QID in patients with Sjogren's syndrome?

    <p>Increases tear production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Varenicline (Tyrvaya) nasal spray?

    <p>Binds nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Punctal Occlusive devices?

    <p>To block tear drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Beta Blockers in reducing intraocular pressure?

    <p>Decrease aqueous production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Timolol Maleate on the heart rate?

    <p>No significant effect on heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Beta Blockers is known for its 'escape' phenomenon?

    <p>Timolol Maleate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical dosing frequency of Beta Blockers in the treatment of glaucoma?

    <p>QD or BID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Timolol Maleate's effect on intraocular pressure?

    <p>Effective during waking hours only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

    <p>Inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Flurbiprofen?

    <p>Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trade name of the medication containing Diclofenac?

    <p>Voltaren</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Diclofenac?

    <p>Treatment of ocular inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of Acular LS?

    <p>0.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Phenylephrine?

    <p>Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Brimonidine tartrate?

    <p>Reduction of intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to treat acquired blepharoptosis?

    <p>Upneeq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of alpha 1 adrenergic agonists?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of alpha 2 to alpha 1 adrenergic activity of Naphazoline?

    <p>2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely indication for the use of Dexamethasone in ophthalmology?

    <p>Post-operative inflammation and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which steroid formulation has a lower potential to increase intraocular pressure (IOP)?

    <p>Loteprednol etabonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely mechanism of action of Lotemax in reducing inflammation?

    <p>Suppressing the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used to treat macular edema associated with uveitis?

    <p>Difluprednate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of the AMPPLIFY delivery system?

    <p>Submicron technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Thiazine dye in ocular surface assessment?

    <p>To stain damaged or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the dye that contains sodium iodide?

    <p>Lissamine Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Trypan Blue?

    <p>It stains damaged or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of Methylene Blue in ocular surface assessment?

    <p>To stain damaged or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Lissamine Green?

    <p>To stain damaged or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Indocyanine Green?

    <p>It detects choroidal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Triarylmethane dye?

    <p>To stain damaged or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Vital White light in ocular surface assessment?

    <p>To evaluate corneal endothelial cell viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Azo dye?

    <p>To stain damaged or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common side effect of using certain dyes in ocular surface assessment?

    <p>Sensitivity to shellfish or iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Tamoxifen?

    <p>Selective estrogen receptor modulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Sildenafil?

    <p>Treating erectile dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Aromatase Inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibiting the conversion of androgens to estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Topiramate?

    <p>Treating migraines and seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Tamsulosin?

    <p>Alpha 1 adrenergic blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Digitalis derivatives?

    <p>Inhibiting sodium potassium ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Imidazole Mixed alpha 1&2 adrenergic agonist?

    <p>Mixed alpha 1&amp;2 adrenergic agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Brimonidine tartrate?

    <p>To reduce intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Oxymetazoline?

    <p>To relieve nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Phenylephrine?

    <p>Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Naphazoline?

    <p>To relieve redness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using Brimonidine tartrate?

    <p>May decrease intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Moxifloxacin 0.5% (Vigamox)?

    <p>Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Pilocarpine 5mg QID?

    <p>Treatment of dry eye syndrome in patients with Sjogren's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Cevimeline (Evoxac)?

    <p>Cholinergic agonist that stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ophthalmic use of Varenicline (Tyrvaya) nasal spray?

    <p>Treatment of dry eye syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Moxifloxacin 0.5% (Vigamox) in terms of penetration?

    <p>Excellent conjunctival penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Punctal Occlusive devices?

    <p>To block tear drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage reduction in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) associated with the Mediterranean diet?

    <p>41%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between first-generation and second-generation antihistamines?

    <p>Lipophilicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Vitamin E on the progression of Retinitis Pigmentosa?

    <p>It hastens the progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of alpha 2 selective agonist Brimonidine on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Edrophonium in diagnosing Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>To perform the Tensilon Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a pupil with Adie's Syndrome?

    <p>It is sluggish and tonic during accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antihistamines is known to cause drowsiness?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Imidazole derivatives on rebound hyperemia?

    <p>Decreases rebound hyperemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Apraclonidine 1% on a pupil with Horner's Syndrome?

    <p>It dilates the pupil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ocular decongestants causes pupil dilation and increases intraocular pressure?

    <p>Naphazoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Pilocarpine on the pupil?

    <p>Miosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used to treat presbyopia?

    <p>Vuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

    <p>Alter intracellular pH and ATPase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Dorzolamide's effect on intraocular pressure?

    <p>Works only during sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adrenergic agonists is an alpha 2 receptor selective agonist?

    <p>Brimonidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anesthetic is an amide, has increased potency and duration, and is made from Mepivacaine?

    <p>Bupivacaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Methotrexate?

    <p>Folate antagonist, treating JIA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Tryptan Blue dye?

    <p>It is used to assess dead/damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an Immunomodulator?

    <p>Tacrolimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Indocyanine Green dye?

    <p>It is used to assess choroid abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizers?

    <p>Prevents calcium influx and inhibits degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of Pemirolast over Cromolyn sodium?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Ketotifen?

    <p>Inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis and activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of anti-VEGF injections in treating Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?

    <p>Block all VEGF isoforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of Alcaftadine (Lastacaft)?

    <p>Is a multi-action drug with mast cell stabilizing properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of corticosteroid is Medrysone?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Bromfenac that allows for increased penetration?

    <p>Low pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Nepafenac?

    <p>Is a prodrug that is converted to an active metabolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of Loteprednol?

    <p>It has a lower risk of increasing intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Difluprednate?

    <p>It is administered at a half dose equal to Predforte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides?

    <p>30 S protein synthesis inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to treat dry eye?

    <p>Cyclosporine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin?

    <p>Cell wall synthesis inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is effective against Pseudomonas?

    <p>Tobramycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Bacitracin?

    <p>Cell membrane disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to treat neurotrophic keratitis?

    <p>Oxervate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Tetracyclines?

    <p>Protein synthesis inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is contraindicated in vitamin K deficiency?

    <p>Cephalosporin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Macrolides?

    <p>50 S protein synthesis inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to treat Demodex?

    <p>Tea Tree oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

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