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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a recognized effect of Dapsone use for acne treatment?
What is a primary mechanism of action for Azelaic Acid in acne treatment?
What is a characteristic side effect of Isotretinoin (Accutane) treatment?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Griseofulvin?
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Which side effect is associated with Nystatin when used orally?
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What is the recommended duration for treating athlete's foot with Griseofulvin?
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Which is a potential complication of using Griseofulvin?
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What is the primary role of topical moisturizers in the management of pruritus?
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Which class of medications is noted for managing neuropathic and idiopathic itching but may cause drowsiness and weight gain?
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What is one of the primary indications for using systemic antihistamines in the context of pruritus management?
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Which of the following holistic approaches can be beneficial as an adjunct to medical treatments for pruritus?
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Which of the following statements about antidepressants used for pruritus is correct?
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What is a significant concern when using topical immunomodulators for treating atopic dermatitis?
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Which topical corticosteroid is classified as 'super-high' potency and should be avoided in certain areas?
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What is the primary purpose of the iPLEDGE program for patients receiving treatment for acne?
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Which of the following is a common ingredient in emollients specifically used for atopic dermatitis maintenance therapy?
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What adverse effect is associated with the long-term use of high-potency topical corticosteroids?
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For which condition is Mupirocin primarily indicated?
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What is the main reason to apply emollients after bathing in patients with atopic dermatitis?
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Which of the following medications is classified as an ergosterol inhibitor and is used for fungal infections?
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What is the primary reason systemic steroids are reserved for acute, severe exacerbations?
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Which of the following systemic agents has the potential side effects of hypertension and nephrotoxicity?
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Which topical treatment is known for normalizing follicular hyperkeratinization?
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What is the required follow-up for Methotrexate before conception?
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Which of the following medications is indicated for refractory, severe atopic dermatitis?
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Why is isotretinoin exclusively reserved for severe nodulocystic acne?
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What is a key concern when using cyclosporine for treatment?
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Study Notes
Antibacterial Agents for Acne
- Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins. This results in cell death.
- Dapsone is a sulfone agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria by interfering with the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. It is an alternative treatment for moderate to severe acne.
- Azelaic Acid is a dicarboxylic acid that works as a comedolytic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agent. It interferes with DNA synthesis of bacteria, reducing inflammation and preventing the formation of new acne lesions.
- Oral Retinoids like isotretinoin (Accutane) are potent systemic retinoids that decrease sebum production, P. acnes growth, and inflammation. They are reserved for severe nodulocystic acne and acne that is resistant to other treatments.
Hormonal Agents for Acne
- Oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) and a progestin are effective for both inflammatory and comedonal acne. These agents work by suppressing androgen production and reducing sebum secretion.
Atopic Dermatitis
- Emollients, like Aveeno and Vanicream, are essential for maintenance therapy and provide moisture and lubrication to the skin. They should be applied after bathing.
- Topical Corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for atopic dermatitis. They are classified by their potency, with lower potency corticosteroids used on the face and higher potency treatments used for short durations on the body.
- Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor that is a 2nd line treatment, reserved for those who are unresponsive to corticosteroids.
Skin Infections
- Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria, effectively treating impetigo, MRSA, S. aureus, and S. pyogenes.
- Ketaconazole is an antifungal agent that inhibits the CYP450 dependant enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, which is crucial for fungal cell membrane synthesis. It is effective against candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and tinea versicolor.
- Tolnaftate is an antifungal that distorts hyphae and stunts mycelial growth. It is commonly used to treat tinea infections.
- Griseofulvin is a fungistatic agent that targets new skin growth, preventing fungal infections of keratinous structures. It is commonly used to treat ringworm infections.
Lice Treatment
- Malathion is a pediculicide that disrupts the sodium channels of neurons, leading to paralysis.
- Permethrin is another pediculicide that acts by blocking the sodium channels of neurons, leading to paralysis and death of the lice.
Fungal Infections
- Nystatin oral suspension is a polyene antifungal that binds to ergosterol in the cell wall, increasing membrane permeability and leading to cell death. It is commonly used to treat Candida infections.
Systemic Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis
- Systemic agents like cyclosporine, azathioprine, and methotrexate are used for refractory, severe atopic dermatitis. These medications can have adverse effects, so careful monitoring is crucial.
- Systemic steroids are reserved for acute, severe exacerbations of atopic dermatitis as a short-term bridge therapy.
General Notes
- The text notes that certain medications can cause photosensitivity.
- GI disturbances, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common adverse effects of various antibiotics.
- Hypersensitivities and allergic reactions are a common finding in medications.
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Description
This quiz covers various antibacterial agents used to treat acne, including Amoxicillin, Dapsone, Azelaic Acid, and Oral Retinoids. It explores their mechanisms of action and effectiveness against acne lesions. Perfect for students studying dermatology or pharmacology.
