Antiamoebic Drugs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main classifications of antiamoebic drugs?

Tissue amoebicides and luminal amoebicides.

Which drug is primarily used for asymptomatic intestinal amoebiasis?

Diloxanide furoate.

Name one tissue amoebicide effective against extra-intestinal amoebiasis.

Chloroquine.

What is a common side effect of iodoquinol when taken in large doses?

<p>Thyroid enlargement and peripheral neuropathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two examples of nitroimidazole drugs used for amoebiasis.

<p>Metronidazole and tinidazole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections are tissue amoebicides specifically designed to treat?

<p>Extra-intestinal infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a luminal amoebicide among the mentioned drugs?

<p>Paromomycin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do amides play in the treatment of amoebiasis?

<p>They are used as luminal amoebicides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with chloroquine?

<p>Flatulence can occur as an adverse effect of chloroquine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Quiniodochlor and what type of amoebicide is it?

<p>Quiniodochlor is a luminal amoebicide effective against amoebas in both the intestines and tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant eye defect can be caused by high doses of certain medications?

<p>High doses can cause Subacute Myelo Optic Neuropathy (SMON).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one nitromidazole antibiotic and its primary use.

<p>Metronidazole is a nitromidazole antibiotic used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of amoebicide is Paromomycin and what is its indication?

<p>Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside used as a luminal amoebicide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary bacteria do nitromidazoles target?

<p>Nitromidazoles primarily target anaerobic bacteria, including Bacteroides and Clostridium spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition has nitazoxanide been approved to treat in AIDS patients?

<p>Nitazoxanide has some activity against cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Emetine and dehydroemetine in treatment?

<p>Emetine and dehydroemetine primarily focus on treating infections caused by anaerobic bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme does Tizoxanide inhibit, and why is it significant for anaerobic organisms?

<p>Tizoxanide inhibits the enzyme pyruvate ferrodoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), which is essential for energy metabolism in anaerobic organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infections is Diloxanide furoate primarily used to treat?

<p>Diloxanide furoate is primarily used to treat trichomoniasis and giardiasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common side effects associated with some of the mentioned drug treatments?

<p>Common side effects include nausea, metallic taste in the mouth, and abdominal cramps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes Tinidazole different from metronidazole?

<p>Tinidazole has a slower metabolism, a longer duration of action, and simpler dosage schedules compared to metronidazole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of amoebicides are effective against amoebas in both the intestines and tissues?

<p>Luminal and Tissue Amoebicides are effective against amoebas in both the intestines and tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can alcohol affect the effectiveness and tolerance of certain amoebicides?

<p>Alcohol can cause a disulfiram-like reaction if consumed with certain amoebicides, leading to nausea, vomiting, and flushing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug interactions can anticoagulants (Coumarins) have with some of the treatments discussed?

<p>Anticoagulants (Coumarins) can increase the risk of bleeding when used with some of the discussed treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been reported in comparative trials regarding cure rates in amoebiasis with certain treatments?

<p>Some comparative trials in amoebiasis have reported higher cure rates with specific amoebicides, enhancing treatment efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major mechanisms of action of Emetine and Dehydroemetine?

<p>They inhibit protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Luminal Amoebicides?

<p>They target amoebas in the intestines only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a congener of Metronidazole with similar potency?

<p>Secnidazole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical half-life of the drugs mentioned for amoebiasis?

<p>$17–29$ hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What side effect was reported with an incidence of 2% when using Metronidazole?

<p>Metallic taste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is noted for better tolerability with fewer side effects like nausea or vomiting?

<p>Satranidazole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of toxicities are associated with the drugs used in amoebiasis treatment?

<p>Emesis, muscle weakness, and cardiotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Emetine and Dehydroemetine in treatment?

<p>For severe hepatic amoebiasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antiamoebic Drugs

  • Tissue amoebicides target amoebas in tissues outside the intestines (e.g., liver, lungs)
  • Luminal amoebicides target amoebas in the intestines
  • Both intestinal (luminal) and extra-intestinal amoebicides work against amoebas in both the intestines and tissues

Tissue Amoebicides

  • Chloroquine: Treats extra-intestinal amoebiasis only
  • Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Secnidazole, Ornidazole: Effective against amoebas in both the intestines and tissues
  • Emetine, Dehydroemetine: Effective against amoebas in both the intestines and tissues, but rarely used now due to toxicity

Luminal Amoebicides

  • Diloxanide Furoate: Drug of choice for asymptomatic intestinal amoebiasis and carriers. Used with tissue amoebicides for extra-intestinal infections.
  • Quiniodochlor: High doses can cause eye defects (Subacute Myelo Optic Neuropathy or SMON)
  • Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside, also has some activity against cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients
  • Iodoquinol: Can lead to thyroid enlargement and peripheral neuropathy in large doses
  • Tetracycline: An antibiotic
  • Nitazoxanide: Treats giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, inhibits the enzyme pyruvate ferrodoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), which is essential for energy metabolism in anaerobic organisms.

Metronidazole

  • Indications: Treats infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, including:
    • Bacteroides spp.
    • Clostridium spp.
    • Trichomoniasis (vaginal or urethral infection)
    • Pseudomembranous colitis (caused by C. difficile)
    • Giardiasis (intestinal parasite)
  • Side Effects: Nausea, metallic taste in mouth, abdominal cramps
  • Drug Interactions:
    • Alcohol: can cause a disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, vomiting, flushing)
    • Anticoagulants (Coumarins): May increase the anticoagulant effect, potentially leading to bleeding.

Other Important Information

  • Tinidazole: Similar to Metronidazole but with a longer duration of action.
  • Secnidazole: Congener of Metronidazole with the same spectrum of activity and potency, but easier dosing.
  • Satranidazole: Better tolerated than Metronidazole.
  • Emetine and Dehydroemetine: Inhibit protein synthesis and can be used parenterally in severe hepatic amoebiasis.
  • Paromomycin: Has some activity against cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients.
  • Nitazoxanide: A prodrug converted to tizoxanide, exhibits good activity against Cryptosporidium parvum.

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Anti Amoebic Drugs PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on antiamoebic drugs, including tissue and luminal amoebicides. This quiz covers the mechanisms, uses, and specific drugs for treating amoebiasis. Challenge yourself to identify the proper classifications and effects of these medications.

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