Anti-Virals: Non-HIV Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of acyclovir?

  • Enhances the immune response
  • Inhibits viral protein production
  • Inhibits viral RNA synthesis
  • Inhibits the activity of viral DNA polymerase (correct)

    • What is one of the main adverse effects associated with ganciclovir?

  • Respiratory depression
  • Bone marrow suppression (correct)
  • Skin rash
  • Kidney damage

    • Which medication is primarily used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C?

  • Adefovir
  • Interferon alfa (correct)
  • Ribavirin
  • Tamiflu

    • What type of infections does the cytomegalovirus primarily affect in immunocompromised patients?

    <p>GI tract, lungs, and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of drugs are oseltamivir and zanamivir classified under?

    <p>Antivirals for influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used to treat herpes zoster?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for darunavir?

    <p>It binds to HIV protease, preventing the cleavage of polyproteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be monitored for its impact on white blood cell counts?

    <p>Ganciclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with darunavir?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a common adverse effect of interferon alfa?

    <p>Kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antiretroviral medication does raltegravir belong to?

    <p>Integrase strand transfer inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drug interaction concern for darunavir?

    <p>Interactions with P450 inducers like rifampin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of amphotericin B?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal medication is used to treat candidiasis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of enfuvirtide?

    <p>Prevents HIV from fusing with CD4 cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of amphotericin B?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)?

    <p>Inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA by reverse transcriptase, causing premature termination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect commonly associated with abacavir (Ziagen)?

    <p>Syndrome of lactic acidosis with hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do integrase inhibitors play in HIV treatment?

    <p>They prevent viral DNA from integrating into the host genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication is efavirenz (Sustiva)?

    <p>NNRTI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common nursing consideration for patients taking non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) like efavirenz?

    <p>Monitor liver function due to potential hepatotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of protease inhibitors in HIV treatment?

    <p>They prevent the maturation of HIV viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key interaction to be cautious of when administering abacavir?

    <p>Monitor arterial blood gases with suspected acidosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about HIV therapy is correct?

    <p>Combination therapy is important to minimize the risk of drug resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action (MOA) of isoniazid (INH)?

    <p>Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with both isoniazid and rifampin?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT classified as a first-line treatment for tuberculosis?

    <p>Levofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of rifabutin?

    <p>For treatment of active tuberculosis in combination with other drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction is a concern when prescribing isoniazid?

    <p>Increased risk of hepatotoxicity with alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anti-Virals: Non-HIV

    • Herpes Viruses (HSV): Infections of the mouth, face, and genitals. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chicken pox and shingles.
    • HSV Medications: Acyclovir/Zovirax, Valacyclovir/Valtrex, Famciclovir/Famvir.
      • Acyclovir/Zovirax MOA: Inhibits viral DNA synthesis by converting it into an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase. It treats oral and genital herpes simplex.
      • Adverse Effects (AE): GI upset, headache, IV infusion site irritation, nephrotoxicity.
    • Cytomegalovirus (CMV): A herpes virus that remains dormant but can reactivate in immunocompromised patients. Causes GI, lung, and eye infections.
      • CMV Medications: Ganciclovir/Cytovene, Valganciclovir/Valcyte, Cidofovir/Vistide.
      • Ganciclovir/Cytovene MOA: Suppresses viral DNA synthesis.
      • CMV Indications: CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, and prevention in transplant patients.

    Hepatitis

    • Definition: Inflammation of the liver, typically caused by viral infection.
    • Symptoms: Widespread liver inflammation, scarring (fibrosis), necrosis, and bile flow disruption.
    • Medications: Interferon alfa/Intron A, Roferon-A, Ribavirin/Rebetol, Lamivudine/Epivir, Adefovir/Hepsera, Simeprevir/Olysia, Sofosbuvir/Solvaldi.
    • Interferon Alfa MOA: Binds to host cell membranes, blocks viral entry, and inhibits viral protein synthesis. Used for chronic Hepatitis B and C
    • Adverse Effects (AE): Flu-like symptoms, depression, heart damage, bone marrow suppression.

    Influenza

    • Definition: Respiratory infection characterized by fever, chills, cough, sore throat, muscle aches.
    • Treatment: Primarily managed with vaccines.
    • Medications: Oseltamivir/Tamiflu, Zanamivir/Relenza, Amantadine/Symmetrel, Rimantadine/Flumadine.
    • Oseltamivir/Tamiflu MOA: Stops viral spread by inhibiting replication enzymes. It is used for prophylaxis/treatment for influenza A and B types and H1N1, H5N1.

    Antivirals: HIV

    • Definition: Immune system impairment causing opportunistic infections.
    • HIV Replication: HIV attaches to CD4 receptors, fuses with host cell membrane, transcribes RNA into DNA with reverse transcriptase, integrates into host DNA, and produces more HIV.
    • HIV Medications: Combination therapy (ART) is standard.
      • Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTIs): Nucleoside/Nucleotide (NRTIs) and Non-Nucleoside (NNRTIs).
      • Protease Inhibitors: Suppress viral maturation.
      • Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors: Prevent integration of viral DNA into host DNA.
      • HIV Fusion Inhibitors: Prevent fusion of HIV with host cell membrane.
      • Examples: Abacavir/Ziagen, Zidovudine/Retrovir, Lamivudine/Epivir, Efavirenz/Sustiva, Darunavir/Prezista, Raltegravir/Isentress.
      • Adverse Effects: Hypersensitivity reactions, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, CNS symptoms.

    Anti-Fungals

    • Types: Polyenes, Azoles.
    • Polyenes (e.g., Amphotericin B): Bind to ergosterol in fungal membranes, disrupting cell integrity (broad spectrum).
    • Azoles (e.g., Itraconazole, Fluconazole): Inhibit ergosterol synthesis, causing cellular leakage.
    • Adverse Effects (AE): Infusion reactions, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, hepatotoxicity, cardiac suppression.
      • Specific Examples of AE: infusion reactions, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, cardiac suppression

    Anti-Tuberculosis

    • Definition: Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
    • Pathology: Airborne droplets harboring the bacteria which inspire into the lungs triggering inflammation, forming tubercles.
    • Medications: Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin, Pyrazinamide (PZA), Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Ethionamide, etc.
    • Isoniazid (INH) MOA: May inhibit synthesis of mycolic acid. It's indicated for prophylaxis and treatment alongside other TB drugs.
    • Rifampin MOA: Inhibits mycobacterial protein synthesis.
    • Adverse Effects (AE): Hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy.
    • Precautions and Monitoring: Monitor liver enzyme levels, teach the patient about signs of liver disease.

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    Infectious Disease Drugs 2 Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on anti-viral medications focusing on non-HIV viruses like Herpes and Cytomegalovirus. This quiz covers key medications, their mechanisms of action, and indications. Understand the adverse effects and treatment protocols for various viral infections.

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