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Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric was extreme even by the standards of his time.
Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric was extreme even by the standards of his time.
True
Luther's statues in Germany date back to the 15th century.
Luther's statues in Germany date back to the 15th century.
False
Luther's views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament were widely accepted in his time.
Luther's views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament were widely accepted in his time.
False
Luther's cultural impact was limited to Germany.
Luther's cultural impact was limited to Germany.
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The statue of Luther in Baltimore was erected to promote unity among German and Irish Catholics in the 19th century.
The statue of Luther in Baltimore was erected to promote unity among German and Irish Catholics in the 19th century.
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Luther's controversy in Baltimore was centered around his anti-Jewish rhetoric.
Luther's controversy in Baltimore was centered around his anti-Jewish rhetoric.
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Luther's legacy in 19th century Germany was marked by a decline in his popularity.
Luther's legacy in 19th century Germany was marked by a decline in his popularity.
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The passage suggests that Luther's views were widely accepted in the 1930s.
The passage suggests that Luther's views were widely accepted in the 1930s.
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Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric is particularly controversial during his time.
Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric is particularly controversial during his time.
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Luther's views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament were widely accepted by the Jews.
Luther's views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament were widely accepted by the Jews.
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Luther's criticisms of the Jews were unusual for his time.
Luther's criticisms of the Jews were unusual for his time.
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Luther's anti-Jewish treatise is easy to read and understand.
Luther's anti-Jewish treatise is easy to read and understand.
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Luther's legacy in 19th century Germany is viewed as entirely positive.
Luther's legacy in 19th century Germany is viewed as entirely positive.
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Luther's cultural impact extended only to Europe.
Luther's cultural impact extended only to Europe.
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Luther's controversy in Baltimore was due to his anti-Semitic views.
Luther's controversy in Baltimore was due to his anti-Semitic views.
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Luther's views on the Jews were entirely negative.
Luther's views on the Jews were entirely negative.
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Luther was a moderate in his views on Jews.
Luther was a moderate in his views on Jews.
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Luther's views on Jesus Christ were widely accepted in his time.
Luther's views on Jesus Christ were widely accepted in his time.
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Luther's legacy in 19th century Germany was marked by a rise in his popularity.
Luther's legacy in 19th century Germany was marked by a rise in his popularity.
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Luther's cultural impact was limited to Europe.
Luther's cultural impact was limited to Europe.
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Luther's controversy in Baltimore was centered around his anti-Catholic rhetoric.
Luther's controversy in Baltimore was centered around his anti-Catholic rhetoric.
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Luther's views on Jews were widely accepted by Christians in his time.
Luther's views on Jews were widely accepted by Christians in his time.
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Luther was a cautious and careful individual who avoided taking risks.
Luther was a cautious and careful individual who avoided taking risks.
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Luther's views on Jews were shaped by the cultural norms of his day.
Luther's views on Jews were shaped by the cultural norms of his day.
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Luther initially wrote a treatise to combat anti-Jewish sentiment in 1523.
Luther initially wrote a treatise to combat anti-Jewish sentiment in 1523.
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Luther's disillusionment with the Lutheran Church led him to blame the radical Anabaptists, Papists, Turk, and Jews for the Reformation's setbacks.
Luther's disillusionment with the Lutheran Church led him to blame the radical Anabaptists, Papists, Turk, and Jews for the Reformation's setbacks.
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In his later years, Luther's attitude towards the Jews remained unchanged.
In his later years, Luther's attitude towards the Jews remained unchanged.
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Luther's understanding of justification by faith led to conflict with the Catholic Church.
Luther's understanding of justification by faith led to conflict with the Catholic Church.
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Luther's influence was limited to Germany during his lifetime.
Luther's influence was limited to Germany during his lifetime.
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Luther's later years were marked by good health and physical vigor.
Luther's later years were marked by good health and physical vigor.
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Luther's controversy in Baltimore involved his views on justification by faith.
Luther's controversy in Baltimore involved his views on justification by faith.
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Luther's views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament were rejected by both Catholics and Protestants during his time.
Luther's views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament were rejected by both Catholics and Protestants during his time.
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Luther's 1523 Treatise was violently anti-Jewish.
Luther's 1523 Treatise was violently anti-Jewish.
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Luther's views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament were widely accepted by Christians in his time.
Luther's views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament were widely accepted by Christians in his time.
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Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric was a reflection of the general views of his time.
Luther's anti-Jewish rhetoric was a reflection of the general views of his time.
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Luther's cultural impact was limited to Europe.
Luther's cultural impact was limited to Europe.
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Luther's legacy in 19th century Germany was marked by a decline in his popularity.
Luther's legacy in 19th century Germany was marked by a decline in his popularity.
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Luther's controversy in Baltimore was centered around his views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament.
Luther's controversy in Baltimore was centered around his views on Jesus Christ in the Old Testament.
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Luther's 1543 Treatise was a kind and welcoming manual for Christians.
Luther's 1543 Treatise was a kind and welcoming manual for Christians.
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The Judensau was removed from German churches after the war.
The Judensau was removed from German churches after the war.
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Study Notes
Luther and Anti-Semitism
- Luther's anti-Semitic rhetoric in the 1540s was extreme, even by the standards of his time.
- Luther's views on Jews were not unusual for his era, as many Europeans of the time held anti-Semitic beliefs.
- In the late 19th century, Luther's statues were erected in Germany as part of the country's identity-building and empire expansion.
Luther's Statues
- A giant statue of Luther was erected in Baltimore in the 19th century as part of an ethnic conflict between German and Irish Catholics.
- Luther's statues were used to "stick it to the opposition" in the 19th century, symbolizing the conflict between different ethnic groups.
The Holocaust
- The Holocaust did not come solely from Luther's anti-Semitic teachings, but rather from a long tradition of anti-Semitic feelings in Europe.
- Luther's extreme rhetoric towards the end of his life, particularly in his 1543 treatise, contributed to the anti-Semitic sentiment that led to the Holocaust.
Luther's Changing Views on Jews
- In 1523, Luther wrote a treatise that sought to combat anti-Jewish sentiment and facilitate outreach to Jews, believing that Jesus Christ would return when the Jews converted.
- Luther's views on Jews changed dramatically after 1525, when he became disillusioned with the corruption of the Lutheran Church and the failure of the Reformation to bring about the return of Jesus Christ.
Luther's Frustration with Jews
- Luther's frustration with Jews stemmed from their refusal to see Jesus Christ in the Old Testament.
- Luther believed that the conversion of Jews was necessary for Jesus Christ to return.
The Context of Luther's Time
- In the 16th century, people who were not assimilated into society were often persecuted, burned, drowned, or exiled.
- Luther's anti-Semitic views were not unique to him, as many other prominent figures of the time, such as Zwingli, held similar views.
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