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Questions and Answers
Animals may avoid becoming prey by living out of sight of predators, whether in caves, burrows, or by being nocturnal. Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by activity during the night and sleeping during the day. This is a behavioral form of detection avoidance called ______ used by animals to either avoid predation or to enhance prey hunting.
crypsis
Alternatively, prey animals may ward off attack, whether by advertising the presence of strong defences in ______, by mimicking animals which do possess such defences, by startling the attacker, by signalling to the predator that pursuit is not worthwhile, by distraction, by using defensive structures such as spines, and by living in a group.
aposematism
Members of groups are at reduced risk of predation, despite the increased conspicuousness of a group, through improved ______, predator confusion, and the likelihood that the predator will attack some other individual.
vigilance
The first line of defence consists in avoiding detection, through mechanisms such as ______, masquerade, apostatic selection, living underground, or nocturnality.
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Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators. Throughout the animal kingdom, adaptations have evolved for every stage of this struggle, namely by avoiding detection, warding off attack, fighting back, or ______ when caught.
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