Anti-Blackness and Immigration Control

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Questions and Answers

What does Lovato argue the ICE ACCESS program is based on?

The 14th Amendment

The Immigration Reform Act

The Fugitive Slave Act (correct)

The Civil Rights Act

Which laws does Philip Kretsedemas suggest influenced federal immigration enforcement policy?

The Alien and Sedition Acts

Federal Reconstruction policies

State-level Jim Crow laws (correct)

The Voting Rights Act

What disproportionately impacts Black migrants according to the content?

Sanctuary city policies

Community outreach programs

Federal immigration reforms

Local police profiling (correct)

What was a dual function of border militias in the mid-1800s?

Ensuring enslaved Black people remained in the US and deporting free Black people Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all family-unit border apprehensions was constituted by families from certain countries between October 2018 and July 2019?

92 percent Signup and view all the answers

Which organization called for the mass deportation of free Black individuals?

The American Colonization Society Signup and view all the answers

What is one major reason for the increased migration from certain countries over the past decade?

Humanitarian crises resulting from U.S. policies Signup and view all the answers

How is the U.S. border crisis framed in relation to U.S. policies?

As a crisis generated by U.S. foreign interventions Signup and view all the answers

Which media portrayal is mentioned regarding the migrations from certain countries?

They are dismissed as not related to U.S. interests. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the conditions contributing to migration is emphasized in the context provided?

Displacement due to U.S. backing of aggressive policies Signup and view all the answers

What does Lisa Lowe emphasize about the processes of settler seizure and native removal?

They are ongoing and continuous processes. Signup and view all the answers

How does Andrea Smith suggest we should view white supremacy?

As a complex system with interrelated logics. Signup and view all the answers

Which ideology is particularly linked to the formation of the US–Mexico border?

Manifest destiny. Signup and view all the answers

What actions did President Andrew Jackson take that reflect frontier fascism?

Massacring Indigenous people and expanding slavery. Signup and view all the answers

What was Mexico's response to slavery in the 1830s?

To outlaw it entirely. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does NOT align with the ideology of manifest destiny?

Rejection of territorial acquisitions. Signup and view all the answers

How did the southern US states relate to the ideology of manifest destiny?

They found common ground with northern states in support of it. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor influencing Andrew Jackson's foreign policy regarding Texas?

An effort to support the flow of Anglo-American settlers. Signup and view all the answers

How does contemporary immigration enforcement relate to historical anti-Black violence?

It heavily borrows from the logic of racial control. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutional principle was advanced by Black struggles in the 19th century?

Birthright citizenship. Signup and view all the answers

What event was a catalyst for the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment?

The Dred Scott Supreme Court decision. Signup and view all the answers

According to Walcott and Abdillahi, what is a foundational aspect of migration politics?

Anti-Black racial logics. Signup and view all the answers

What legislation allowed slaveholders to capture escaped Black individuals?

The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act. Signup and view all the answers

How does the architecture of US border controls reflect historical practices?

It derives from anti-Black technologies regulating mobility. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Compromise of 1850 primarily concerned with?

Compromising between northern and southern states regarding territories. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Dred Scott decision?

It upheld the denial of citizenship to Black people. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the 'Chinese catchers' play before the official formation of the border patrol in 1924?

They acted as a de facto border patrol. Signup and view all the answers

What significant legislation did the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 introduce?

It barred all Asian immigration and imposed a national origins quota. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind the national march of forty thousand Klansmen?

To promote immigration restrictions. Signup and view all the answers

How did vigilantism influence federal immigration policies?

It pressured politicians to enact oppressive federal policies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects the attitudes present in California during the early 20th century?

Race-science eugenics and narratives of 'inferior immigrants' were prevalent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Proposition 187 enacted in 1994?

It imposed a screening and reporting system based on immigration status. Signup and view all the answers

How many women were sterilized in California state institutions between the 1920s and 1950s?

20,000 women. Signup and view all the answers

What type of rhetoric about 'illegals' has resulted in punitive policies, such as Proposition 187?

Racist rhetoric culminating in punitive policies. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anti-Blackness and Border Control

Contemporary immigration enforcement and border control tactics are rooted in the historical terror of anti-Black violence.
The legal architecture used to control Black movement has been adopted and utilized for immigration control purposes.
The 14th Amendment, which protects birthright citizenship, is a direct result of Black struggles to defend citizenship rights.
This history explains the deep connection between the politics of migration and anti-Blackness.

The US Border as a Tool of White Supremacy

The formation of the US-Mexico border is intertwined with US expansionist policies and the institution of slavery.
The US justified its territorial expansionism by using the ideology of "Manifest Destiny," rooted in the belief that God ordained the expansion of US territory westward.
The US expansionist ideology was often accompanied by violent frontier wars and subjugation of Indigenous populations.
These processes led to the creation of a border control system that was essentially an extension of the system used to control the movement of Black people.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was used to kidnap and transport Black people back to slaveholding states, highlighting the racialized nature of border control and the direct connection between the control of Black people's mobility and the formation of the border.

The Legacy of Anti-Blackness in Immigration Enforcement

The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act served as a blueprint for later immigration enforcement strategies.
The devolution of immigration enforcement to state and local levels echoes the Jim Crow era's enforcement of racialized laws.
This devolution disproportionately impacts Black migrants, who are more likely to be profiled and arrested by local law enforcement and then handed over to immigration authorities.
The abolitionist movement's fight against slavery led to additional uses of the border to control Black people.
This included attempts to deport Black people to Liberia and Sierra Leone.

The Rise of Immigration Restriction and Vigilantism

The U.S. Border Patrol was established in 1924, drawing its ideology from anti-Asian sentiment and the history of anti-Black violence.
The Johnson-Reed Immigration Act passed in 1924 restricted immigration from Asia and imposed national origins quotas.
This was fueled by white anxieties about immigration and racist ideologies that justified the persecution of immigrants.
These policies reflect the continuous relationship between white vigilantism and discriminatory immigration policies.

Displacement Caused by US Policies

US foreign policy and interventions in other parts of the world result in widespread displacement of populations.
US military interventions and the war on drugs have destabilized countries and forced people to flee their homes.
This human displacement is often attributed to internal problems in those countries, ignoring the role of US policies in creating the crisis.
The US "border crisis" is not just a result of unwanted migration, but a consequence of the US's own actions.

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Description

This quiz explores the connections between anti-Blackness and immigration enforcement throughout history. It examines how the legal frameworks for border control have been influenced by racial violence and the struggles for citizenship rights. Delve into the implications of these historical dynamics on current immigration policies.