Questions and Answers
What is culture understood as in traditional societies?
How is culture transmitted?
What is a characteristic of culture?
What serves as a guide for human action in a society?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a result of new items being added to culture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of culture according to Ojetayo?
Signup and view all the answers
What is culture historically designed for?
Signup and view all the answers
What is true about culture in relation to time?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the origin of the term 'culture'?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Nigerian National Cultural Policy (1988), what does culture encompass?
Signup and view all the answers
Who provided the classic definition of culture in 1871?
Signup and view all the answers
What is culture considered to be fundamental to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is culture dynamic in?
Signup and view all the answers
According to E.B. Tylor, what does culture include?
Signup and view all the answers
What is culture acquired through?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of culture in human societies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a norm in a society?
Signup and view all the answers
What are formal norms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of sanctions in a society?
Signup and view all the answers
What are culture traits?
Signup and view all the answers
What can affect the prevalence of cultural traits in a society?
Signup and view all the answers
How are cultural traits transmitted from one generation to the next?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between values and sanctions in a society?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be said about culture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason why there is no natural connection between a symbol and what it represents?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main characteristic of culture that makes it different from technical or practical aspects of human behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the statement "Culture is integrated" mean?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a trait of a culture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main advantage of human adaptation through culture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential drawback of cultural adaptation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of values in a culture?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to consider the interconnectedness of cultural elements when studying a culture?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is culture considered epistemological?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary motivation for creating and maintaining culture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between 'bad' events and cultural understanding?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the text suggest that culture is a collaborative process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the key premise of the Knowledge-Based Affect Theory (KBAT)?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three basic dimensions of cultural production according to Loren Demerath?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some potential applications of the sources of knowledge mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between culture and knowledge?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Concept of Culture
- Culture has no universally acceptable definition
- Derived from Latin word "colere," meaning "to cultivate"
- Social behavior and norms found in human societies
- Central concept in anthropology, encompassing phenomena transmitted through social learning
- Considered fundamental to human existence and civilization
Definition of Culture
- Nigerian National Cultural Policy (1988): totality of way of life evolved by a people to meet environmental challenges
- E.B. Tylor (1871): complex whole including knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and capabilities acquired by man as a member of society
- Culture is shared principles, social heritage that make up a people's way of life
Characteristics of Culture
- Historically created and shared by all members of a society
- Not genetically transmitted, but learnt and transmitted through socialization process
- Universal, variable, and dynamic
- Unique to human species
- Has moral force, serving as a guide for human action
- Works in the symbolic domain, emphasizing meaning rather than technical or practical rational side of human behavior
- Integrated, with elements adjusted to or consistent with one another
Elements of Culture
- Types of norms
- Sanctions
- Values
- Culture trait
- Culture complex
- Culture pattern
Values
- What is considered good, proper, and desirable, or bad, improper, or undesirable, in a culture
- Influence people's behavior and serve as a benchmark for evaluating the actions of others
Norms
- Standard pattern of behavior accepted by a society
- May differ from society to society
- Formal norms: written down and violation can lead to punishment
- Informal norms: generally understood and followed by a society, but not recorded in black and white
Sanctions
- Consist of rewards and penalties
- Rewards for conducting norms, penalties for defying social norms
- Positive sanctions: medals, gratitude, or praise
- Negative sanctions: fines, threats, imprisonment, or unpleasant stares
Culture Traits
- Smallest units of a culture
- Building blocks of culture
- Can be material or non-material
- Have a form, use, function, and meaning
- Several traits form a complex culture
Epistemology and Cosmology
- Culture is epistemological, making human experience understandable
- Makes humans feel they know their world and places
- Enables humans to appreciate bad events if they illustrate a shared meaning
- The desire to know the environment motivates humans to create and maintain culture
Sources of Knowledge for Culture
- Traditional Knowledge
- Historical Knowledge
- Archaeological Knowledge
- Scientific Knowledge
- Local, National, and International Regulations
- Community Consultations
Cultural Production
- Three basic dimensions: articulate, typify, and orient
- Enables humans to create and maintain culture as knowledge of the world
- Knowledge-Based Affect Theory (KBAT) explains how individuals enhance their sense of security in the world by creating and maintaining culture.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the concept of culture, its definition, and significance in anthropology. It explores the perspectives of various scholars and the social behavior and norms associated with culture.