Questions and Answers
Anthropology is derived from the Greek words 'Anthropos' (humans) and ______ (study).
logos
The study of humans as biological organisms is known as ______ anthropology.
biological
Primatology is the study of the nonhuman members of the order of mammals called ______.
primates
Anthropology seeks to answer the primary question: What does it mean to be ______?
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Anthropology covers a much greater span of ______ than other social sciences.
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Iron Bridge, England is an important site of industrial __________.
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Industrial archaeology studies social changes during and after the __________ Revolution.
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Linguistic anthropology is the study of human __________.
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The subfield that examines language change and relationships over time is known as __________ linguistics.
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Linguistic anthropologists focus on the role of the __________, social media, and cell phones.
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Primatologists study nonhuman primates in the wild and captivity, analyzing their activities, social interactions, and ______.
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Paleoanthropology studies human evolution using ______ records.
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Archaeology focuses on human culture, dating back to the beginnings of Homo sapiens in Africa between ______ and 160,000 years ago.
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Prehistoric archaeology examines the human past before ______ records.
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Underwater archaeology is the study of submerged archaeological ______.
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Cultural anthropology is the study of living peoples and their ___, including variation and change.
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Specializations in cultural anthropology include economic anthropology, psychological anthropology, medical anthropology, political anthropology, and international ___ anthropology.
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Applied anthropology is the use of anthropological knowledge to prevent or solve ___ or to shape and achieve policy goals.
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In the 21st century, anthropology expanded to cultural and ___ groups in industrialized societies.
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Methodology, such as building rapport with host societies and using participant-observation methods, was crucial in gathering ___.
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Culture is everything that a person learns as a member of a ______.
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Material culture encompasses tangible aspects of culture, including ______, food, and buildings.
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An example of nonmaterial culture is 'An idea about how to be ______.'
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Culture consists of the material and ______.
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Material culture is influenced by society's environment and ______.
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Culture enables humans to survive in their ______.
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Examples of material culture include traditional houses, clothing, and cuisine ______.
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Culture is learned through ______.
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Culture is defined by normative physical characteristics of humans, influencing the design of machines and other forms of material ______.
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The Inuits of the Arctic region build igloos for fishing and ______ expeditions.
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Muslims in India prohibit pork consumption, making ______ their primary meat source.
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Cows are venerated, and ______ consumption is considered taboo.
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Culture can also cause problems for the people who ______ to it.
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The car culture in the Philippines is becoming maladaptive due to pollution and limited ______.
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According to __________ theory, society is thought to be like a biological organism with interconnected parts.
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Culture is never ______; it is continuously reinvented by people.
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The perspective that states culture evolves when people increase the amount of __________ under their control is known as neo-evolutionism.
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Filipinos appreciate the value of cars in their economic and ______ lives.
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The dynamism of culture is due to the changing needs of humans as they interpret and survive in their ______.
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Materialism posits that culture is the product of the 'material __________' in which a community finds itself.
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Theories are a ______ that is essential in shaping an analysis about a particular issue.
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Anthropology provides a __________ view of human nature and behavior trajectory.
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The applied sciences branch of anthropology informs public policy through __________ research on social issues.
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Culture is learned through experiences, beliefs, attitudes, and practices, forming a set of values and accepted __________.
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By contextualizing everyday things within the context of __________, anthropologists develop acuity among students.
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__________ is the process of learning one's own culture, while acculturation allows for the adaptation to desirable traits from other cultures.
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Neo-evolutionism suggests that culture is shaped by environmental and __________ conditions.
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In Japan, the obligation of the firstborn child to be a model child has led to high child survival rates and high educational __________ among adolescents.
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Anthropology examines both biological and __________ aspects of human beings.
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Culture is shared among members of a society, consisting of behaviors, attitudes, and __________.
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Individuals combine their parents' culture with their experiences from other __________.
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Humans are influenced by cultural values regarding beauty and body, leading to physiological __________.
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Foot binding is a popular tradition in China, involving women undergoing physical alteration to achieve 'lotus feet' for good __________.
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This practice ensures women's potential for good __________.
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Cultural evolution classifies cultures into stages including savagery, _____, and civilization.
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According to diffusionism, all societies change due to cultural _____ from one another.
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Historicism posits that each culture is _____ and must be studied in its own context.
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Psychological anthropology suggests that personality is mainly the result of learning _____ .
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Functionalism views society as similar to a biological _____ with interconnected parts.
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Neo-evolutionism states that culture is shaped by environmental and _____ conditions.
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Materialism claims that culture is a product of the '_____ conditions' in a community.
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Anthropology is a social science discipline that provides a _____ approach to studying humans.
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Study Notes
Anthropology Overview
- Anthropology is defined as the holistic study of humanity, covering both biological and cultural aspects throughout time and geography.
- Derived from Greek, it combines "Anthropos" (humans) and "logos" (study), aiming to explore what it means to be human.
- It encompasses various ethnic and cultural groups, offering a broad perspective on human origins and contemporary variations.
Five Subdisciplines of Anthropology
- Biological Anthropology: Examines humans as biological organisms, including evolution and variation; subfields include primatology (study of primates) and paleoanthropology (study of human evolution through fossils).
- Cultural Anthropology: Focuses on living peoples and their cultures, emphasizing learned behaviors and beliefs; specializations include economic and medical anthropology, studying cultural variations and changes.
- Applied Anthropology: Utilizes anthropological knowledge to address contemporary issues, emerging post-World War II to enhance lives through culturally informed practices and policy.
- Archaeology: Studies past cultures through material remains; divided into prehistoric archaeology (before written records) and historical archaeology (during written history).
- Linguistic Anthropology: Investigates human communication, including language origins and social implications; subfields include historical linguistics, descriptive linguistics, and sociolinguistics.
Material and Nonmaterial Culture
- Material Culture: Tangible elements of culture such as clothing, food, and architecture, reflecting historical and environmental influences (e.g., Philippine traditional houses).
- Nonmaterial Culture: Intangible aspects like beliefs, values, and social roles; culture is learned through socialization and experiences, shaping individual behavior.
Cultural Learning and Sharing
- Culture is acquired through experience, with processes such as enculturation (learning one's culture) and acculturation (adapting traits from other cultures).
- Culture is intergenerational, requiring teaching and sharing among members of society, leading to hybrid cultural identities.
Cultural Adaptation and Maladaptation
- Culture serves as a survival mechanism, adapting human practices and technologies to meet environmental needs (e.g., Inuit shelters).
- Maladaptation occurs when cultural practices become problematic due to environmental changes, illustrated by issues like traffic congestion in car-dependent societies.
Theories on Culture
- Cultural Evolution: All cultures undergo similar developmental stages.
- Diffusionism: Cultures evolve through borrowing from one another.
- Historicism: Each culture is unique and requires context-based study.
- Functionalism: Society's structures function interdependently, akin to a biological organism.
- Neo-evolutionism: Culture evolves with environmental and technological changes.
- Materialism: Culture is shaped by the material conditions surrounding a community.
The Dynamic Nature of Culture
- Culture is not static; it continuously evolves in response to human needs and interpretations within changing environments.
- Everyday practices, from clothing to cuisine, reflect the ongoing reinvention of cultural norms.
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Description
Explore the fascinating field of anthropology, which examines humanity through a holistic lens. This quiz will cover key concepts, historical context, and the relationship between humans and their environment. Discover what it means to be human and delve into the rich tapestry of cultures that shape our world.
