Anthropology 1AA3 Week 2: Sex and Gender Part I
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the lecture on Sex and Gender Part I in Anthropology 1AA3?

  • Differences in DSD designations across cultures
  • Biopower in relation to gender and sex (correct)
  • Anne Fausto-Sterling's concept of the five sexes
  • Ethical considerations in sports for intersex individuals

    • How is 'Biological Sex' typically perceived?

  • Culturally constructed and performative
  • Defined by interrelated social roles and behaviors
  • Binary and usually assigned at birth based on external genitalia appearance (correct)
  • Fluid continuum between male and female

    • What is the main difference between Anthropology, Psychology, and Sociology?

  • Focus on understanding cultural relativism
  • Investigation of gender and sex constructs
  • Analysis of biculturality
  • Approach towards studying human behavior (correct)

    • Which concept is specifically addressed in Anne Fausto-Sterling's work?

    <p>The five sexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Gender considered culturally constructed and performative?

    <p>Customarily associated with bodies based on primary &amp; secondary sex traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of diagrams are mentioned as part of the content warning for the lecture?

    <p>Diagrams of sex organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of defining 'Sex' according to the text?

    <p>To classify internal and external reproductive anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Folk Taxonomy and scientific taxonomy?

    <p>Folk Taxonomy is based on cultural criteria, while scientific taxonomy is based on empirical characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'biological sex' refer to?

    <p>Physical presentation of primary and secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the determination of sex a natural binary or a culturally constructed dichotomy?

    <p>It is a culturally constructed dichotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors involved in sexual development?

    <p>Chromosomes, regulatory genes, and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sexual development portrayed?

    <p>As a process shaped by multiple events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Are there only males and females?" - What does this question imply?

    <p>It raises the question of a natural binary versus a culturally constructed dichotomy in sex determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of considering secondary sex characteristics in biological sex?

    <p>Secondary sex characteristics include physical differences not directly related to reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Anne Fausto-Sterling, why does Western culture face a real problem with the system of classifying sex?

    <p>The system does not take into account the vast continuum of sex variations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Biopower, as defined by Michel Foucault, relate to Anne Fausto-Sterling's arguments?

    <p>Biopower involves governments regulating bodies to conform, aligning with Fausto-Sterling's arguments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Anne Fausto-Sterling propose regarding the classification of sexes?

    <p>She introduces the concept of five clinical sexes but notes they are inadequate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the 20th-century Western medicine criticized by Anne Fausto-Sterling in relation to intersex bodies?

    <p>For reinforcing social stigma through the medicalization and surgical alteration of intersex bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Anne Fausto-Sterling challenge the perceived dichotomy of sex?

    <p>By highlighting instances where intersex individuals blur the lines between male and female.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does Anne Fausto-Sterling suggest that sex should be understood?

    <p>As a continuum rather than a strict binary classification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Anne Fausto-Sterling's work considered important in relation to 20th-century Western medicine?

    <p>&quot;Correcting&quot; intersex bodies through surgery was a prevailing practice that Fausto-Sterling criticized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Turner's Syndrome from Klinefelter's Syndrome?

    <p>Turner's Syndrome results in only one X chromosome (XO), while Klinefelter's Syndrome involves an extra X chromosome (XXY).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia based on the provided text?

    <p>It results in ambiguous genitals and an enzyme deficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome differ from other conditions mentioned?

    <p>It results in ambiguous genitals despite the presence of male sex hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tangible consequences of categorizing DSDs/intersex individuals based on Western ideas?

    <p>It may result in differential or supernatural interpretations in other cultural contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Caster Semenya challenge traditional gender norms in sports?

    <p>By having elevated testosterone levels due to internal testes, raising questions about unfair advantages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does Anne Fausto-Sterling introduce regarding sexes?

    <p>'Multiplicity' - recognizing five distinct sexes based on chromosomal variations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Fausto-Sterling's work significant in the 20th century context?

    <p>It challenged the binary view of male/female sexes, opening up discussions on sex diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is an alternative for 'biological sex' and is also known as birth sex or natal sex?

    <p>Assigned Sex at Birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of intersex conditions, what can be defined as seeing combinations of chromosomal, gonadal, and/or other anatomical features that do not fit into the sex binary?

    <p>Intersex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can involve changes anywhere along the pathway from altered chromosomes to altered hormones?

    <p>Differences of Sexual Development (DSD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What acknowledges that individuals have little agency in their birth assignment?

    <p>Bodies are classified at birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term can be assigned to conditions associated with the presence of both male and female reproductive organs?

    <p>Intersex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does variation in the occurrence, order, timing, and magnitude of inputs during development produce?

    <p>Variation in outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to refer to changes noticeable at birth, silent, emerging at puberty, or only becoming visible later in life?

    <p>'Silent' changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Individuals have little agency in their birth assignment' implies what about the classification of bodies at birth?

    <p>It is an act, not an essential state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does Anne Fausto-Sterling introduce that challenges a strict male-female binary classification?

    <p>Five sexes model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Anne Fausto-Sterling's work significant in the 20th century regarding gender and sex?

    <p>It provided new perspectives on sex and gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of peer-reviewed articles in scholarly research?

    <p>They undergo evaluation by experts in the field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are peer reviewers selected for evaluating articles in double-blind peer review?

    <p>Based on the authors' identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can peer-reviewed articles be found aside from print copies?

    <p>In specialized search engines like Google Scholar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a journal being refereed or peer-reviewed?

    <p>To ensure rigorous evaluation by experts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a peer-reviewed journal from other publications?

    <p>Ensuring articles undergo expert scrutiny before publication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for peer-reviewed articles to be evaluated against criteria like excellence and accuracy?

    <p>To maintain high standards of scholarly work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can students access the MODEL service at McMaster University?

    <p>LR Wilson Hall, 4th Floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skills are targeted by the MODEL service at McMaster University?

    <p>Reading &amp; Writing, Speaking &amp; Listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who can students contact for more information about the MODEL service at McMaster University?

    <p><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which department at McMaster University is dedicated to helping students improve their English-language skills through the MODEL program?

    <p>ESL and EAP specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of appointments can students make with the Writing Support Center at McMaster University?

    <p>One-on-One Consultations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did MODEL have on Bruno, a student from the Faculty of Engineering?

    <p>It quickly became an important part of his routine and had a huge impact on his personal and professional life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for establishing that many Samoan adolescents had premarital sex in the 1930s?

    <p>Margaret Mead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which researcher criticized Margaret Mead for a lack of scientific rigour in her research on Samoan adolescents?

    <p>Derek Freeman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which culture did Margaret Mead compare as having more sexual freedom than American culture?

    <p>Samoan culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who referred to sex entirely in the context of reproduction according to the text?

    <p>Hewlett &amp; Hewlett</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which country did Margaret Mead conduct her fieldwork on sexual behavior among adolescents?

    <p>Samoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hook-up culture' is associated with which region/country according to the text?

    <p>North America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe people assigned male at birth who self-identify as 'feminine'?

    <p>Viado</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sexual identities defined in the context of the text?

    <p>By who penetrates and who is penetrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text point out the lack of information on women's sexuality?

    <p>To highlight a gap in the discussion of same-sex practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default framing of sexual relationships described in the text as?

    <p>Reproductive, domestic, and private</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the text suggest sexual behavior is culturally specific?

    <p>By highlighting differences in framing across cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do travestis, as described in the text, differ from traditional gender norms?

    <p>By challenging binary classifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common theme among cultures and non-human species according to the text?

    <p>Same-sex sexual relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which contexts are same-sex practices discussed in the text?

    <p>Military mythologies and manhood initiation rituals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of engaging in same-sex practices in 'Making Men' scenarios?

    <p>To assert masculinity and erase feminizing influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of same-sex practices in some societies, as per the text?

    <p>In societies with marked sex segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cultural context do adults mentor adolescent boys in social and sexual adulthood?

    <p>Classical Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of cultures mentioned in relation to same-sex practices?

    <p>Prominence of military mythologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do anthropologists study sexuality?

    <p>To understand human social behavior and cultural norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of estimating sex in Biological Anthropology/Archaeology?

    <p>To build a fuller understanding of deceased individuals within social systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common rule among societies mentioned in the text regarding conduct related to sexuality?

    <p>An incest taboo prohibiting marriage with siblings or parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is sex portrayed as important in human social behavior?

    <p>As a significant factor influencing individual behavior and societal norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying sex in Biological Anthropology?

    <p>To develop a comprehensive understanding of deceased individuals within social contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most societies have regarding sexual conduct?

    <p>An incest taboo, but with no specific regulations on other sexual behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Derek Freeman criticize Margaret Mead for in her research on Samoan adolescents?

    <p>Lack of scientific rigour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sexual behavior, what did Margaret Mead find about Samoan society when compared to American culture?

    <p>More sexual freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mead establish about adolescents in Samoa in the 1930s?

    <p>They engaged in premarital sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the norms that dictate when, how often, and with whom sexual activities are permitted known as?

    <p>Sexual restrictiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do bioarchaeologists estimate the sex of skeletons?

    <p>To build a more complete understanding of deceased individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Derek Freeman claim Margaret Mead took as truths instead of jokes?

    <p>Statements meant as jokes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential aspect of human social behavior according to the text?

    <p>Sexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Margaret Mead find regarding the sexual behavior of many Samoan adolescents?

    <p>They were promiscuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which societies are there rules governing 'proper' conduct regarding sexuality?

    <p>All societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is estimating sex important in biological anthropology and bioarchaeology?

    <p>To understand how individuals were perceived and treated in social systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences how individuals are perceived and treated in social systems?

    <p>Biological sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for studying sexuality according to anthropologists?

    <p>To understand human social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 'Making Men' scenarios, what is the purpose of engaging in same-sex practices?

    <p>To make boys into men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of societies with more frequent same-sex practices according to the text?

    <p>Sex segregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do same-sex and non-hetero sexual relationships sometimes have social or ritual meanings outside conventional relationships?

    <p>As a part of manhood initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of same-sex practices in Classical Greece (mythology and history)?

    <p>To mentor adolescent boys in social and sexual adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of adult men engaging in sexual practices with adolescent boys in some cultures?

    <p>As part of manhood initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about same-sex practices being present in different cultures and non-human species?

    <p>They may have social or ritual meanings beyond conventional relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception addressed in the text regarding sexual identities like travestis?

    <p>Their sexual identity is solely defined by their reproductive capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text highlight the lack of information on women's sexuality?

    <p>Due to a historical focus on cisgender, heterosexual, and reproductive relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text describe the framing of sexual behavior that is considered culturally specific?

    <p>Reproductive and romantic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does body modification play in the sexual identity of travestis as described in the text?

    <p>It is a way to express their femininity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sexual relationships typically framed in a heteronormative context?

    <p>Based on reproductive capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of sexual identity is highlighted as significant for travestis according to the text?

    <p>Their self-identification as 'feminine.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a peer-reviewed article?

    <p>Subjected to scrutiny by other experts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are reviewers selected in a double-blind peer review process?

    <p>Anonymously and independent of the author's identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can peer-reviewed articles be found?

    <p>In specialized search engines like Google Scholar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criteria are used to evaluate submissions in peer-reviewed journals?

    <p>Excellence, novelty, significance, and accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a peer-reviewed journal from other types of publications?

    <p>External review by experts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a peer-reviewed journal?

    <p>To ensure quality through expert review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skills does the MODEL service at McMaster University aim to help students improve?

    <p>Reading and Writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can students find the contact email for the MODEL service at McMaster University?

    <p><a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what building is the MODEL service located at McMaster University?

    <p>Wilson Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which department at McMaster University developed the MODEL service?

    <p>ESL and EAP Specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of workshops are offered as part of the services by the MODEL program?

    <p>Language Assessment Workshops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the services provided by MODEL at McMaster University?

    <p>Enhancing English-language Proficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contact email address for inquiries about the MODEL service?

    <p>@modelmcmaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

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