endocrine 3

Excessive growth hormone production.

Growth hormone overproduction after bone growth plates close.

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland responsible for growth and development.

Pituitary Dwarfism, or hypopituitarism, is characterized by a lack of GH. It usually occurs before puberty.

Hormone regulating milk production in mammary glands.

A hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine.

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and aldosterone.

A hormone that stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males.

A type of pituitary tumor that produces excess amounts of a specific hormone.

The pituitary gland is a small gland in the brain that controls other glands in the body, like the adrenal glands, thyroid, and gonads, by releasing specific hormones.

A condition where the pituitary gland is unable to produce sufficient amounts of one or more hormones.

The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus that stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus, particularly oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH).

This type of pituitary tumor does not produce excess hormones but instead interferes with the normal functioning of the pituitary gland.

A condition where the thyroid gland is underactive, resulting in decreased production of thyroid hormones.

A state of excessive thyroid hormone production, leading to increased metabolic activity.

Disruption of thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4) due to a problem with the pituitary gland.

Disruption of thyroid hormone levels caused by a direct problem with the thyroid gland itself.

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulate metabolism.

The anterior pituitary gland is a vital part of the endocrine system, responsible for producing and releasing six key hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for producing and releasing 6 key hormones: Prolactin (PRL), Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

Different cell types within the anterior pituitary are specialized to produce each of the six hormones.

Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that primarily targets the mammary glands, stimulating the production of milk.

Growth Hormone (GH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating body growth, particularly in bone and muscle development.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and acts on the thyroid gland to stimulate the production of thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and acts on the adrenal cortex to stimulate the production of cortisol and aldosterone, which are important for stress response and blood pressure regulation.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating the development of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.

The hypothalamus, a region of the brain, plays a crucial role in regulating the anterior pituitary gland's hormone synthesis and secretion.

ACTH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex. It's part of the body's stress response system.

If cortisol levels are high, ACTH levels should be low in a normal, healthy individual. This is because cortisol acts as a negative feedback mechanism, inhibiting further ACTH production.

A pituitary tumor that secretes excessive amounts of ACTH can lead to Cushing's syndrome. This results in chronic high levels of cortisol, causing various symptoms including weight gain, muscle weakness, and skin changes.

The glycoprotein family is a group of hormones that share a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit. These hormones include TSH, LH, and FSH.

TSH, also known as Thyrotropin, is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).

TSH promotes the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland. These hormones play vital roles in regulating metabolism, growth, and development.

High levels of TSH can lead to hyperthyroidism. This condition causes increased metabolic rate, leading to symptoms like rapid weight loss, increased appetite, and hyperactivity.

Low levels of TSH can lead to hypothyroidism. This condition causes decreased metabolic rate, leading to symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, and decreased body temperature.

These hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain.

This family of hormones includes growth hormone and prolactin - both play a crucial role in growth and development.

This hormone family includes ACTH, which regulates the production of hormones like cortisol in the adrenal gland.

This family includes TSH, which controls thyroid hormone production, and FSH and LH, which regulate the reproductive system.

Hormone produced by lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary, this hormone is also known as lactogenic hormone.

The process of milk production, it involves synthesis and secretion of milk by the mammary glands.

Prolactin is a protein made up of a single chain with a molecular weight of 23KDa.

Prolactin belongs to a group of related proteins including growth hormone and placental lactogen. These proteins share structural similarities.

Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is released by the hypothalamus and inhibits prolactin production and secretion.

This hormone, released by the hypothalamus, promotes prolactin release.

Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) is released by the hypothalamus and can also stimulate the release of prolactin.

Estrogen, a female sex hormone, triggers prolactin secretion.

Suckling, stimulates prolactin secretion by inhibiting dopamine release from the hypothalamus.

Prolactin helps in the development of the mammary glands, leading to an increase in the number of alveoli.

Prolactin stimulates the production of milk proteins, crucial for the synthesis of milk.

GH is produced by Somatotrope cells, found in the anterior pituitary gland.

GH is secreted in bursts throughout life, with higher peaks during sleep.

This hormone, released by the hypothalamus, stimulates the release of GH.

This hormone, also known as Somatostatin, inhibits GH release.

GH promotes the production of Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) by the liver.

GH promotes protein deposition by increasing amino acid transport and protein synthesis while reducing its breakdown.

GH enhances fat utilization through increased lipolysis, releasing fatty acids that can be used for energy.

GH decreases carbohydrate metabolism, reducing glucose uptake by cells and potentially causing a decrease in insulin sensitivity.

GH directly stimulates bone and cartilage growth by increasing protein deposition and promoting the activity of osteoblasts.

The acute effects of GH on metabolism are temporary and occur in the short term, like decreased glucose uptake.

These are the long-term effects of GH, involving growth, and are influenced by factors like genetics and nutrition.

GH is essential for growth and development throughout life, and disruptions can lead to growth disorders.